EMS Chapter 11

Epinephrine

Adult: 0.3 mg Children: 0.15 mg

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication each time it is used.

Nitroglycerin

0.3 to 0.4 mg SL

Naloxone (Narcan)

0.4 auto-injector 2 mg IN

Activated Charcoal

1 to 2 g/kg

Aspirin

160 to 325 mg

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

25 to 50 mg

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen.

44%

You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is:

44g

When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer?

A half dose into each nostril.

Antagonist

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications.

Agonist

A medication that causes stimulation of receptors.

Side effects

Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones.

Your patient is complaining of chest pains. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His B/P is 88/64, pulse is at 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include?

Aspirin.

Contraindications

Conditions that make particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm a patient.

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should:

Contact medical control

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

Form

Intranasal

IN- into a nostril

Intraosseous

IO- into the bone

Intravenous

IV- into the vein

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?

Intravenous (IV)

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it?

May cause harm or has no positive effect.

EMT's arrived at the scene of a patient who was "found down". Family member states that she gave him naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMT's should suspect that the patient?

Overdosed on an opioid drug.

Generally, parenteral medications are more commonly used in the emergency setting as opposed to enteral medications. The characteristics that separated the two routes with respect to administration in the emergency setting is?

Parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.

Subcutaneous

SC- under the skin

Sublingual

SL- under the tongue

You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of:

Standing orders

Dose

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patients size and age.

Action

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.

Indications

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.

Which of the following is an example of a trade name of a drug?

Tylenol

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:

ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication?

between the skin and the muscle.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that?

blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care, you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to:

continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused.

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that?

facilitates movement through the digestive system.

You are attending to a 24-year-old male asthmatic complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing. There are several bystanders in a crowded room. The patient tells you that he would have taken his own albuterol but he was so embarrassed and upset that he could not hold his MDI steady. In helping the patient to self administer his medication in accordance with local protocols, you are?

performing patient-assisted medication administration.

You are attending to a 52-year-old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to?

search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking.