EMS Life Science Unit 6 Evolution
mutation
A change in a DNA sequence
can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring
A species is a group of similar organisms that a. can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring. b. can live together on an island. c. can migrate to an island from the mainland. d. all have exactly the same traits.
adaptation
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(an) a. variation b. adaptation c. speciation d. allele
the inheritance of adaptations that maximize fitness
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the a. possession of adaptations developed through use. b. the inheritance of adaptations that maximize fitness. c. lack of competition within the species. d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.
ancestors
According to the theory of evolution, all organisms alive today evolved from earlier organisms called a. fossils b. ancestors c. embryos d. populations
reproduction
Charles Dariwn realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survivial but also successful a. speciation b. reproduction c. selection d. gene flow
variations
Differences between members of the same speicies are called a. predators b. selections c. traits d. variations
artificial selection
Domesticated rats, the variety you can purchase at a pet store, come in a wide range of color and coat patterns. Many of these coat variations are rarely, if ever, seen in nature. Their presence in the pet store is the result of A. natural selection B. artificial selection C. geographic distribution D. sexual selection
population
Evolution does not occur in an individual. It occurs in a
artificial selection
For centuries, dog breeders have chosen to breed particular dogs to pass on, or even enhance, desirable traits. This is an example of A. sexual selection B. artificial selection C. speciation D. natural selection
Gene Flow
Gene frequencies of a population change due to the movement of organisms from one population to another
Sexual Selection
Gene frequencies of a population change due to the possession of a trait that increases the chance that an organism will find a mate and produce offspring
Natural Selection
Gene frequencies of a population change due to the possession of a trait that increases the chance that an organism will survive in the habitat and reproduce
Genetic Drift
Gene frequencies of a population changes due to random or chance events like the spread of a disease
absolute dating
How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils? a. relative dating. b. absolute dating. c. sedimentary dating. d. mold and cast dating.
Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species
How does natural selection lead to evolution? a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species. b. Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species. c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species. d. Environmental changes kill weaker members of the species.
evoloved from a common ancestor
Scientists in the field of embryology study organisms during their early stages of development. The similarities in embryos is evidence that the organisms a. are not related. b. evolved from different ancestors. c. have exactly the same DNA. d. evolved from a common ancestor.
evolution
The gradual change in a species over time is called. a. mutation b. evolution c. migration d. variation
can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Two populations of similar organisms will be considered separate species when they A. occupy different niches B. become extinct C. look different D. can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring
all of these are evidence
What evidence do scientists have for evolution? a.embryology b.fossils c.DNA d.all of the above
a part of an organism which has lost its original function
What is a vestigial structure? a.an old building b.a part of an organism which has lost its original function c.an extra appendage d.a mutated strand of DNA
It will not survive to reproduce
What is most likely to happen to a species that is not suited to its environment? a.It will survive and produce many offspring b.it will get bored and leave c.it will not survive to reproduce d.it will change all its previous behaviors
evolution
What is the name of the theory that states living things change over time?
only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection
What is the role of genes in evolution? a. Only genes can be acted on by natural selection. b. Parents with recessive genes die from overproduction. c. The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant alleles. d. Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection.
Homologous Structures
Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor? a. DNA sequences b. Vestigial Structures c. Homologous Structures d. Embryology
extinct
Which term refers to a species that no longer has any living members? a. molded b. fossilized c. petrified d. extinct
whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? a. how many other alleles are present b. whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards c. how many phenotypes the population has d. whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention
genetic variation
In order for a population to evolove, organisms in the population must have
gene frequency
In order for evolution to occur the population's __________________ must change.
suitability for its environment
In the phrase "Survival of the Fittest" the term "Fittest" refers to the organism's A. suitability for its environment B. brain size C. physical strength and speed D. number of genes
genetic drift
The change in gene frequencies of a population due to random events like habitat destruction
natural selection
The change in gene frequencies of a population due to survival of the fittest
mutation
The ultimate source of genetic variation
over many generations bacteria that are naturally resitant to antibiotics have become more numerous
The use of antibiotics over the last sixty-five years has resulted in a drastic increase in populations of bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics. The most probable cause of this change in bacterial populations is that A. over many generations bacteria that are naturally resistant to antiobiotics have become more numerous. B. genetic engineering has released "super bugs" that cannot be killed by antibiotics. C. the bacteria needed to develop resistance to antibiotics in order to survive.
artificial selection
When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of a. acquired characteristics. b. descent with modification. c. artificial selection. d. natural selection.
a. differential reproductive success based on inherited characteristics
Which of the following best defines natural selection? a. differential reproductive success based on inherited characteristics b. inheritance of acquired characteristics change in response to need c. a process of constant improvement, leading eventually to perfection
Charles Darwin
Which scientists is given credit for the theory of evolution?
natural selection
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce? a. natural selection b. overproduction c. competition d. variation