EMS Life Science Unit 6 Evolution

mutation

A change in a DNA sequence

can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring

A species is a group of similar organisms that a. can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring. b. can live together on an island. c. can migrate to an island from the mainland. d. all have exactly the same traits.

adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(an) a. variation b. adaptation c. speciation d. allele

the inheritance of adaptations that maximize fitness

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the a. possession of adaptations developed through use. b. the inheritance of adaptations that maximize fitness. c. lack of competition within the species. d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.

ancestors

According to the theory of evolution, all organisms alive today evolved from earlier organisms called a. fossils b. ancestors c. embryos d. populations

reproduction

Charles Dariwn realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survivial but also successful a. speciation b. reproduction c. selection d. gene flow

variations

Differences between members of the same speicies are called a. predators b. selections c. traits d. variations

artificial selection

Domesticated rats, the variety you can purchase at a pet store, come in a wide range of color and coat patterns. Many of these coat variations are rarely, if ever, seen in nature. Their presence in the pet store is the result of A. natural selection B. artificial selection C. geographic distribution D. sexual selection

population

Evolution does not occur in an individual. It occurs in a

artificial selection

For centuries, dog breeders have chosen to breed particular dogs to pass on, or even enhance, desirable traits. This is an example of A. sexual selection B. artificial selection C. speciation D. natural selection

Gene Flow

Gene frequencies of a population change due to the movement of organisms from one population to another

Sexual Selection

Gene frequencies of a population change due to the possession of a trait that increases the chance that an organism will find a mate and produce offspring

Natural Selection

Gene frequencies of a population change due to the possession of a trait that increases the chance that an organism will survive in the habitat and reproduce

Genetic Drift

Gene frequencies of a population changes due to random or chance events like the spread of a disease

absolute dating

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils? a. relative dating. b. absolute dating. c. sedimentary dating. d. mold and cast dating.

Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species

How does natural selection lead to evolution? a. Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species. b. Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species. c. Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species. d. Environmental changes kill weaker members of the species.

evoloved from a common ancestor

Scientists in the field of embryology study organisms during their early stages of development. The similarities in embryos is evidence that the organisms a. are not related. b. evolved from different ancestors. c. have exactly the same DNA. d. evolved from a common ancestor.

evolution

The gradual change in a species over time is called. a. mutation b. evolution c. migration d. variation

can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Two populations of similar organisms will be considered separate species when they A. occupy different niches B. become extinct C. look different D. can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring

all of these are evidence

What evidence do scientists have for evolution? a.embryology b.fossils c.DNA d.all of the above

a part of an organism which has lost its original function

What is a vestigial structure? a.an old building b.a part of an organism which has lost its original function c.an extra appendage d.a mutated strand of DNA

It will not survive to reproduce

What is most likely to happen to a species that is not suited to its environment? a.It will survive and produce many offspring b.it will get bored and leave c.it will not survive to reproduce d.it will change all its previous behaviors

evolution

What is the name of the theory that states living things change over time?

only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection

What is the role of genes in evolution? a. Only genes can be acted on by natural selection. b. Parents with recessive genes die from overproduction. c. The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant alleles. d. Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection.

Homologous Structures

Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor? a. DNA sequences b. Vestigial Structures c. Homologous Structures d. Embryology

extinct

Which term refers to a species that no longer has any living members? a. molded b. fossilized c. petrified d. extinct

whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? a. how many other alleles are present b. whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards c. how many phenotypes the population has d. whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention

genetic variation

In order for a population to evolove, organisms in the population must have

gene frequency

In order for evolution to occur the population's __________________ must change.

suitability for its environment

In the phrase "Survival of the Fittest" the term "Fittest" refers to the organism's A. suitability for its environment B. brain size C. physical strength and speed D. number of genes

genetic drift

The change in gene frequencies of a population due to random events like habitat destruction

natural selection

The change in gene frequencies of a population due to survival of the fittest

mutation

The ultimate source of genetic variation

over many generations bacteria that are naturally resitant to antibiotics have become more numerous

The use of antibiotics over the last sixty-five years has resulted in a drastic increase in populations of bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics. The most probable cause of this change in bacterial populations is that A. over many generations bacteria that are naturally resistant to antiobiotics have become more numerous. B. genetic engineering has released "super bugs" that cannot be killed by antibiotics. C. the bacteria needed to develop resistance to antibiotics in order to survive.

artificial selection

When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of a. acquired characteristics. b. descent with modification. c. artificial selection. d. natural selection.

a. differential reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

Which of the following best defines natural selection? a. differential reproductive success based on inherited characteristics b. inheritance of acquired characteristics change in response to need c. a process of constant improvement, leading eventually to perfection

Charles Darwin

Which scientists is given credit for the theory of evolution?

natural selection

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce? a. natural selection b. overproduction c. competition d. variation