Ems test 2

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

"How much Tylenol do you take each day?"

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

"What seems to be the matter?"

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is ____ mm Hg; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is ____ mm Hg.

104, 40

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12-20 breaths per minute

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:

12-20 breaths per minute

When you assess capillary refill time in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:

2 seconds

During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ____ times

2 times

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg

After ____ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible.

4-6

Normal respiratory rates should not exceed ____ breaths per minute in toddlers and ____ breaths per minute in infants.

40-60

A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every:

5 minutes

What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

5,600 mL

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:

60-100 bpm

You should attempt to maintain a chest compression fraction of at least:

80%

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

90 seconds

The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting:

when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?

when you determine there are multiple patients

When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?

Nexium

A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?

One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?

Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?

Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious but confused and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. What should you do?

Treat her for possible shock

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

a 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should:

avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously.

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status?

blood glucose level

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the ____ artery.

brachial

When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:

incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

You are performing bag-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen are you delivering?

nearly 100%

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

As time progresses following a significant injury:

the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston device for chest compressions is:

the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions.

You should avoid palpating a patient's pelvis if:

the patient complains of pelvic pain

The "Golden Hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:

the patient receives definitive care

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

the reason why the patient called EMS

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?

A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?

A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

Which of the following patients has signs of an altered mental status?

A patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions

Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct?

AEDs can be used safely on infants and children by using pediatric pads and an energy reducer

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

Between the skin and the muscle

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female expeliencing an allergie reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epireghtire auto injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical direcior to admirister them As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical cortrol but do not have a signal from your cell phone, You should;

Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device.

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

Ashen

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:

Ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

Assist his ventilations

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:

Ibuprofen

Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?

Both pupils are sluggish with introduction of a bright light.

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?

Beta-blocker medications

Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started?

Care is transferred to a bystander

When assessing the skin of an unresponsive patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called

Cyanosis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?

Dependent blood pooling

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered?

Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 94%

Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide?

Increased cardiac output

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane.

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

Jaw-thrust maneuver

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

Lower airway obstruction

To reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose you should administer:

Narcan

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene Size-up?

Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increas 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should:

Remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-mask device

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply th AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will b placed. You should:

Remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pad.

hich of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected arcotic overdose?

Slow respirations

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct?

With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment.

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

acute anxiety

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

acute myocardial infarction

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

administering oxygen and transporting immediately.

In the presence of oxygen, the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called:

aerobic metabolism

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, circulation

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:

alleviate the pain

Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:

allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:

alveolar sacs

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound

External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled initially by:

applying direct pressure

An example of an anti-inflammatory is:

aspirin

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

assess for breathing and a pulse

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.

An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:

be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses.

When should you take standard precautions during an EMS call?

before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

You are off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12-year-old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should:

call 911 and then return to begin CPR on the child

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:

can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury, and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cherry red, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

carbon monoxide poisoning

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected:

cervical spine injuries

You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:

confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:

constricting

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should:

contact medical control

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:

count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

The ____ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.

cricoid

For which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen?

croup

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?

deep respirations

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:

determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to:

determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

encouraging him to cough and transporting.

The purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders is to:

ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder.

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should first:

ensure that you are safe

The structure located superior to the larynx is called the:

epiglottis

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration

A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:

flushed and red

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:

follow standard precautions/BSI

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

forceful coughing

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?

history taking

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

The goal of the primary assessment is to:

identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should:

immediately begin CPR

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:

immediately suction her oropharynx.

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:

increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient who is unresponsive and apneic. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should:

insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt ventilations

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he:

is experiencing difficulty breathing

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

lips or oral mucosa

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:

loss of vascular tone

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called:

metabolism

The diastolic blood pressure represents the:

minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

overdosed on an opioid drug.

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:

palms and soles

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:

patients who are younger than 6 years of age.

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:

penetrating the cranium.

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:

perform a careful and thorough assessment.

You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused; is in obvious respiratory distress; and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate life-saving treatment, you should:

perform a detailed head-to-toe exam and prepare for immediate transport.

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:

pink, warm, and dry

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her in a supine position.

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

poor vessel function and severe volume loss

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?

posterior

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

A palpable pulse is created by:

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:

psychogenic shock

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:

radiating

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:

rapid

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.

You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, she notes that he has decreased significantly from previous readings. You should:

reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering.

If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:

reevaluate his or her airway status.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:

regular

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:

repeating statements back to him or her.

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires CPR

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the.

reservoir bag is fully inflated.

A patient who moves and cries out only when you pinch his or her trapezius muscle is said to be:

responsive to painful stimuli

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the:

saturation level of arterial blood

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should;

seal the mouth and nose.

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is usually observed only in pediatric patients?

seesaw breathing

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?

severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT

shallow chest movement.

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

sitting up at a 45° angle.

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:

start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?

stridor

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:

subcutaneous emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:

subcutaneous emphysema

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

sublingually

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should;

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:

systolic pressure

Which of the following occurs when a patient's respirations are shallow?

tidal volume is markedly reduced

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

to become smaller

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. You should administer supplemental oxygen if needed and then:

transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:

ventricles relaxing

When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you should deliver each breath:

while watching for adequate chest rise.

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to

wiggle his or her toes on command.

Supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients:

with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance