EMT Ch 25 Chapter Test

You are treating a​ 61-year-old who is a chronic alcohol abuser. He is complaining of​ "snakes slithering around his​ ankles," and he tells you that he had only two drinks tonight. You notice that he is​ sweating, trembling, and anxious. Before you can complete your​ assessment, he begins to have a seizure. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this​ situation?

The patient is suffering from alcohol withdrawal.

Most cases of accidental poisoning involve which of the​ following?

Young children

When a substance enters the body through unbroken​ skin, it has entered the body by which of the following​ routes?

Absorption

Which of the following is a trade name for activated​ charcoal?

Actidose

Why would an EMT give activated charcoal to a patient who overdosed on a​ medication?

Activated charcoal binds to the​ medication, preventing absorption by the body.

Which of the following is not part of the treatment for a​ 15-year-old female who has swallowed drain​ cleaner?

Administer activated charcoal.

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old female who has taken an unknown quantity of aspirin. She is conscious and alert. Which of the following orders is likely to be given by medical​ control?

Administer activated charcoal.

What is the most important treatment for a patient who has inhaled a​ poison?

Administer​ high-concentration oxygen.

When a poison attaches to the chemical structure of activated​ charcoal, which of the following best describes this mechanism of​ action?

Adsorption

You are called to the residence of a​ 78-year-old widow who lives alone with no children. She was found by neighbors on the floor of the living room. She has fallen and fractured her left humerus. She is disoriented and responds to verbal stimuli only. She has a blood pressure of​ 78/40 and a pulse of 48. She has a history of high blood pressure and takes medication for it. She also takes medication for high cholesterol and a medication to slow down a fast heart rate. Emergency Medical Responders find the medication bottles in the medicine cabinet and they are empty. Your partner suspects that she overdosed on her medications. Do you agree or​ disagree?

Agree. The vital signs agree with this hypothesis.

Which patient would most likely benefit from the administration of activated​ charcoal?

Alert​ 16-year-old female who overdosed on Tylenol

Your patient has come in contact with a strong acid substance. Using an alkaline solution to treat the patient may result in which of the​ following?

All (Production of heat when the acid and alkali interact, Further damage to the​ patient's tissues, Neutralization of the acid substance)

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of withdrawal from​ alcohol?

All of the above (Seizures, Hallucinations, Sweating)

Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its​ effects?

Antidote

Which of the following types of drugs may induce sleep or​ stupor?

Both A&B (Tranquilizers & Narcotics)

Your patient is a​ 48-year-old male who has been exposed to a toxic powder that can be absorbed through the skin. Which of the following measures should be taken by the​ EMT?

Brush off the powder and flush the​ patient's skin with copious amounts of water.

You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a​ building, choking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do​ next?

Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance away from the scene

Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a​ patient's mouth and nose following smoke​ inhalation?

Carbon

Which of the following is one of the most common inhaled poisons associated with fire​ suppression?

Carbon monoxide

Immediate effects of alcohol are due to effects on which body​ system?

Central nervous system

Which of the following is least often seen in carbon monoxide​ poisoning?

Cherry red lips

You respond to assist law enforcement with a​ 35-year-old male patient​ who, according to​ them, is​ "high as a​ kite." The patient is​ anxious, tachycardic, and angry. What condition do you​ suspect?

Cocaine overdose

You respond to the county jail for a​ 48-year-old inmate arrested two days ago for public intoxication. Guards state the patient is a known alcoholic and​ "frequent flier." The guards state that for several hours the patient was​ "acting crazy" and seeing​ "bugs on the​ walls." The patient then began seizing and they called for an ambulance. You notice the patient is no longer​ seizing, diaphoretic, or confused. What condition do you​ suspect?

Delirium tremens

Gamma hydroxybutyrate​ (GHB) is an example of which of the following types of​ drugs?

Depressant

Which of the following groups is the most susceptible to the effects of a​ poison?

Elderly

By​ definition, a systemic poison causes harm to which of the​ following?

Entire body

A patient who has abused​ "uppers" will display which of the following signs and​ symptoms?

Excessive​ talkativeness, dilated​ pupils, and dry mouth

You are called to the scene of a local night club for a​ 21-year-old female patient who is bradycardic and in respiratory arrest. The​ patient's airway is patent and the chest easily rises with​ bag-valve-mask ventilation. The​ patient's friends state the patient had only one or two drinks when she suddenly complained of dizziness and​ "seeing things." Her friends state that she then passed​ out, started twitching like she was​ seizing, and then stopped. Her friends adamantly state that she does not do drugs. What situation do you​ suspect?

GHB overdose

The term poison is best described as any substance that can do which of the​ following?

Harm the body

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old male with a stoma in his neck to assist his breathing. The patient has swallowed a household cleaner. Medical direction gives you an order for milk to dilute the stomach contents. Which of the following is the correct way of carrying out this​ order?

Have the patient drink one glass of milk.

Your patient is a​ 23-year-old male who is unresponsive in the restroom of a bar. His respirations are slow and​ shallow, he has a heart rate of 50 beats per​ minute, he is sweating​ profusely, and he has constricted pupils. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for the​ patient's condition?

Heroin

Which of the following is the most important means of managing a patient who has inhaled a​ poison, after the airway has been​ established?

High concentrations of oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding syrup of ipecac is not​ true?

It has an immediate action.

Regarding activated​ charcoal, which of the following is not​ true?

It is an antidote to many poisons.

Which of the following substances may be ordered by medical control to dilute a​ poison?

Milk or water

OxyContin is an example of which of the following types of​ drugs?

Narcotic

Which of the following is a common sign and symptom in poisonings of all​ types?

Nausea and vomiting

Which of the following most affects the extent of damage a poison does to the​ body?

Patient's age,​ weight, and general health

You are called to the scene of a​ 17-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her mother suspects that she tried to commit suicide by taking her pain pills. The patient is unresponsive to painful​ stimuli, has agonal​ respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by​ bag-valve mask, what is your next​ action?

Perform a secondary assessment of the patient.

How does carbon monoxide cause toxic​ effects?

Prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen

Which of the following is the best initial intervention for a patient who has inhaled a​ poison?

Provide a patent​ airway, ventilation, and​ high-concentration oxygen.

Which of the following is not a way in which poisons can access the​ body?

Radiation

Your patient is a​ 38-year-old male who has taken an overdose of several different medications and has consumed some household cleaning agents as well. On your​ arrival, the patient only responds to painful stimuli and has a heart rate of 90 beats per minute with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. Medical control orders you to give the patient two to three glasses of milk to drink to dilute the contents of the stomach. Which of the following actions should you​ do?

Refuse the order and explain why.

Which of the following is true concerning a​ patient's reaction to toxic gases from smoke​ inhalation?

Signs and symptoms may be delayed.

Which of the following is an injury that commonly occurs in alcoholic patients with even minor head​ injuries?

Subdural hematoma

Why should an EMT utilize a local poison control center in managing a poisoning​ patient?

They can assist in finding out important information about the poison.

Which of the following describes any substance produced by a living organism that is poisonous to human​ beings?

Toxin

Cleaning​ fluid, glue, and model cement are common examples of which of the​ following?

Volatile chemicals

Your patient is an​ 18-year-old male who fell into a​ neighbor's swimming pool but was pulled out by bystanders. The neighbors report that the patient wandered into their yard and that he said he had a​ "funny numb​ feeling" in his head and his chest hurt before stumbling into the pool. As you are performing​ CPR, you notice that the mucous membranes in his mouth and nose are swollen. Which of the following would account for the​ patient's behavior and current​ condition?

Volatile chemicals

You are called to the scene of a​ 21-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her boyfriend suspects that she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on her depression medications. The patient is unresponsive to painful​ stimuli, with agonal​ respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by​ bag-valve mask, what is the most important question the EMT can ask regarding the​ medication?

What medication did she​ take?

Your patient is a conscious​ 16-year-old female who has ingested an unknown number of sleeping pills. Which of the following questions is least pertinent to the care of this​ patient?

Who do these sleeping pills belong​ to?

Your patient is a​ 7-year-old male who ate an unknown type of mushroom on a dare by his friends. You should ask all of the following questions except​:

Why did you eat the​ mushroom?

Which of the following conditions can mimic the signs of alcohol​ intoxication?

all (Diabetes, Head injuries, Epilepsy)

Carbon monoxide poisoning should be suspected when a patient has been in an enclosed area and has which of the following signs​ and/or symptoms?

all (Flu-like symptoms, Breathing difficulty and altered mental status, Headache, dizziness, and nausea)

Your patient is a​ 50-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She is found unresponsive in bed by her son. Which of the following possibilities should you keep in mind during your​ assessment?

all (Head injury, Heart attack, Low blood sugar)

Which of the following effects may occur due to chronic abuse of​ alcohol?

all (Poor nutrition, Abnormal blood sugar levels, Potential for gastrointestinal bleeding)

Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse include all of the following except​:

an acetone or ketone odor to the breath.

A patient has a dry powder poison covering both upper extremities and chest. You​ should:

brush the powder off and irrigate the contaminated area with large amounts of water.

You are called to a farm for a possible insecticide poisoning of one of the workers. Your first action is​ to:

call for specialized hazardous materials units.

Your patient is a​ 17-year-old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do​ first?

call medical control

It is a chilly fall morning and you are called to an RV campground for three patients who are complaining of​ headache, dizziness, and nausea. Your primary assessment reveals that they are cyanotic and have an altered mental status. You​ suspect:

carbon monoxide poisoning.

Barbiturates may be referred to as which of the​ following?

downers

The drug ecstasy is classified as what type of​ drug?

hallucinogen

The opioid triad includes all of the following except​:

hypertension.

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs by which of the following​ routes?

inhalation

Smoke inhalation can result in all of the following except​:

lung contusion.

When a chemical substance is taken for reasons other than therapeutic​ use, this action is​ called:

substance abuse.

You are called to the scene of a​ 14-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her mother states she has been teased and bullied at school and she suspects that she tried to commit suicide by taking her pain pills. The patient is unresponsive to painful​ stimuli, with agonal​ respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. Your first action is​ to:

suction the​ patient's airway.

Which patient would most likely benefit from the administration of activated​ charcoal?

​14-year-old female who overdoses on her​ grandfather's cardiac medication

What clinical finding is most suggestive of an inhaled​ poison?

​Black-colored sputum

Your patient is a conscious​ 4-year-old female who has ingested a medication prescribed for her grandfather. To determine appropriate​ treatment, which of the following information is not necessary to provide to medical​ control?

​Grandfather's name and the name of the physician who prescribed the medication

Volatile chemicals are agents that are able to change easily from a​ ________ into a​ ________.

​liquid; gas