EMT Chapter 10

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? A. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed B. A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree C. A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet D. A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma

A

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? A. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. B. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations. C. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. D. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

A

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? A. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. B. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure. C. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment. D. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position.

A

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? A. Bronchus B. Larynx C. Oropharynx D. Pharynx

A

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: A. mouth-to-mask device. B. nonrebreathing mask. C. bag-valve mask. D. nasal cannula.

B

All of the following are signs of hypoxia, EXCEPT: Select one: A. tachycardia. B. dehydration. C. cyanosis. D. weak pulse.

B

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: A. fluid in the alveoli. B. a lower airway obstruction. C. secretions in the airway. D. swelling of the upper airway.

B

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? A. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion. B. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. C. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation. D. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung.

B

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? A. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries. B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. C. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. D. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide.

B

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? A. 75% B. 55% C. 65% D. 45%

B

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: A. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. B. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. D. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block.

C

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: A. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. B. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. C. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. D. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex.

C

The proper technique for sizing an oropharyngeal airway before insertion is to measure the device from: Select one: A. the tip of the nose to the earlobe. B. the bridge of the nose to the tip of the chin. C. the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. D. the center of the jaw to the earlobe.

C

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? A. Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag B. Consistently increasing heart rate C. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag D. Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult

C

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? A. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations B. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume C. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin D. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin

C

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. thrust the jaw forward. B. ventilate with less pressure. C. seal the mouth and nose. D. thoroughly suction the stoma.

C

You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and an adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position? Select one: A. It's the preferred position of comfort for patients. B. It helps to protect the patient's cervical spine when injuries are hidden. C. It helps to maintain a clear airway. D. It's easier to load the patient onto the cot from this position.

C

You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15 feet (4.6 m) before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the right upper quadrant. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. What method will you use to keep his airway open? Select one: A. Nasal cannula B. Jaw thrust C. Oropharyngeal airway D. All of these answers are correct.

C

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? A. Severe pulmonary edema B. His extremities are cold C. Increased body temperature D. Carbon monoxide poisoning

D

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called: A. agonal respirations. B. ataxic respirations. C. eupneic respirations. D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

D

Suctioning the oral cavity of an adult should be accomplished within: A. 10 seconds B. 5 Seconds C. 20 seconds D. 15 seconds

D

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: A. diffusion. B. respiration. C. oxygenation. D. ventilation.

D

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: A. 100 mm Hg. B. 200 mm Hg. C. 400 mm Hg. D. 300 mm Hg.

D

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? A. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations B. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume C. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations D. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

D

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? A. A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. B. Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation. C. The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. D. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

D

While assisting with respirations, you note gastric distention. In order to prevent or alleviate the distention, you should: Select one: A. ensure that the patient's airway is appropriately positioned. B. ventilate the patient at the appropriate rate. C. ventilate the patient at the appropriate volume. D. All of these answers are correct.

D