EMT Chapter 11 Review

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face, and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: A. perform oropharyngeal suctioning B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway C. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask D. begin assisting the patient's ventilations

A

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. a series of back blows and chest thrusts B. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction C. encouraging him to cough and transporting D. a series of abdominal thrusts

C

A conscious and alert 28-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. His respirations are 30 with accessory muscle use. His tidal volumes appear adequate. What should you do? A. Provide oxygen via nonrebreathing mask B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway C. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask D. Provide oxygen via nasal cannula

A

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: A. nonrebreathing mask B. nasal cannula C. bag-mask device D. mouth-to-mask device

A

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ration) mismatch occurs when A. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen B. ventilation is inadequate due to a traumatic injury or medical condition, which results in an impairment in pulmonary gas exchange C. ventilation is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, alveoli, and the tissues and cells of the body D. a traumatic injury or medical condition impairs the body's ability to effectively bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon from the body

A

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: A. requires CPR B. has increased tidal volume C. begins to vomit D. regains consciousness

A

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: A. mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve B. manually triggered ventilation device C. mouth-to-mouth technique D. one-person bag-valve mask

A

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by A. adequate amounts of surfactant B. surfactant-destroying organisms C. pulmonary capillary constriction D. water or blood within the alveoli

A

In the presence of oxygen, the cells glucose into energy through a process called: A. aerobic metabolism B. anaerobic metabolism C. respiration D. perfusion

A

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: A. blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state B. any impairment in circulatory function causes a reduced ability for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane C. the presence of pulmonary surfactant causes a decrease in alveolar surface tension, thus impairing the exchange of gases in the lungs D. a decrease in respiratory rate and depth causes carbon dioxide accumulation in the alveoli and an overall decrease in blood oxygen levels

A

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed periods of apnea are called: A. Cheyne-Stokes respirations B. agonal respirations C. ataxic respirations D. eupneic respirations

A

Oxygen toxicity in a condition in which: A. cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood B. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood result in free radical production C. significantly low levels of oxygen in the blood damage the cellular tissue D. excessive blood oxygen levels cause the hypoxic patient to stop breathing

A

The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called: A. hypercarbia B. hypoxemia C. acidosis D. hypoxia

A

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism: A. carbon dioxide B. pyruvic acid C. lactic acid D. adenosine triphosphate

A

The purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders is to: A. ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder B. prevent destroying or stripping the threads on the cylinder C. help you determine what type of oxygen regulator to use D. reduce the cylinder pressure to a safe and more useful range

A

What is the most common airway obstruction in the unresponsive patient? A. Tongue B. Tonsils C. Food D. Blood

A

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: A. 300 mm Hg B. 100 mm Hg C. 400 mm Hg D. 200 mm Hg

A

Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult? A. Shallow breathing B. Slight increase in respiratory rate C. Respirations of 20 breaths/min D. Increased tidal volume

A

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? A. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire B. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure C. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment D. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position

A

Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide? A. Increased cardiac output B. Excessive ventilation C. Anaerobic metabolism D. Cardiopulmonary arrest

A

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: A. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood B. begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids C. cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood D. rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate

A

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient who is unresponsive and apneic. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should: A. insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt ventilations B. hyperextend the patient's head and reattempt ventilations C. continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately D. suction the patient's airway for 30 seconds and reattempt ventilations

A

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to: A. log roll him as a unit to a supine position B. palpate for the presence of a carotid pulse C. assess the rate and quality of his breathing D. open his airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver

A

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: A. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block B. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx C. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx D. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it

B

An alert 62-year-old male complains of respiratory distress. He speaks in two-to three word sentences and has a history of heart failure and hypertension. Vital signs are BP 180/110, P 88, R 28 with rales, SpO2 82%. What should you do? A. Deliver oxygen via nasal cannula B. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask C. Monitor his blood pressure during transport D. Help him with his metered-dose inhaler

B

CPAP is indicated for patients who: A. have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately B. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands C. are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation D. are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume

B

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: A. fluid in the alveoli B. a lower airway obstruction C. swelling of the upper airway D. secretions in the airway

B

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called: A. respiration B. metabolism C. oxygenation D. ventilation

B

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? A. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion B. It forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli C. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung D. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation

B

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: A. requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs B. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure C. occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs D. is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure

B

Inhalation occurs when the: A. diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure B. diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure C. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure D. diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

B

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. alveoli B. the epiglottis C. the trachea D. bronchioles

B

The diaphragm is innervated by the _____ nerve, which allows it to contract A. vagus B. phrenic C. hypoglossal D. vestibulochochlear

B

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the alveoli is known as: A. pulmonary ventilation B. external respiration C. cellular respiration D. internal respiration

B

The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting: A. when the patient breathes primarily through his or her mouth B. when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask C. if the patient's nasopharynx is obstructed by secretions D. if long-term supplement

B

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: A. pulmonary ventilation B. external respiration C. alveolar ventilation D. cellular metabolism

B

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient? A. Blood clots B. The tongue C. Aspirated tongue D. Vomitus

B

What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? A. 8000 mL B. 5600 mL C. 7400 mL D. 600 mL

B

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? A. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate B. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and doesn't participate in pulmonary gas exchange C. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations D. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane

B

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen? A. Liver B. Muscle C. Kidneys D. Heart

B

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? A. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations B. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin C. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin D. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

B

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? A. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries C. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries D. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase

B

Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct? A. Unlike negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation doesn't affect the esophageal opening pressure B. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing C. To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation D. Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body

B

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask technique is correct? A. the bag-mask device delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth to mask technique B. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device C. The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device D. Bag-mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person.

B

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume? A. Agonal respirations B. Deep respirations C. Irregular breathing D. Shallow breathing

B

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to _____% inspired oxygen A. 80 B. 90 C. 100 D. 70

B

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. What should you do? A. Apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and transport at once B. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning D. Place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting

B

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: A. remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx B. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway C. insert a nasal airway and then suction her mouth D. perform a finger sweep of her mouth

B

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted A. with the bevel pointing downward if inserted into the left nare B. into the smaller nostril with the tip following the roof of the nose C. with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare D. into the larger nostril with the tip pointing away from the septum

C

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: A. 22 and 24 breaths/min B. 10 and 18 breaths/min C. 12 and 20 breaths/min D. 8 and 15 breaths/min

C

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than: A. 1000 psi B. 15000 psi C. 500 psi D. 200 psi

C

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: A. 35% B. 24 % C. 44% D. 52%

C

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output? A. There is no effect on cardiac output because positive-pressure ventilation is the act of normal breathing B. It causes pressure in the chest to decrease, which increases stroke volume and cardiac output C. It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output D. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which facilitates venous return to the heart and increases cardiac output

C

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? A. A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma B. A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet C. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed D. A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree

C

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes: A. suctioning for up to 1 minute if the patient is well oxygenated B. removing large, solid objects with a tonsil-tip suction catheter C. suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx D. continuously suctioning patents with copious oral secretions

C

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: A. pulmonary capillaries B. apex of the lung C. alveolar sacs D. bronchioles

C

The hypoxic drive is influenced by: A. high blood carbon dioxide levels B. high blood oxygen levels C. low blood oxygen levels D. low blood carbon dioxide levels

C

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: A. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex B. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest C. can maintain a patient airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex D. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly

C

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _____ mm Hg; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _____ mm Hg A. 90, 50 B. 70, 28 C. 104, 40 D. 88, 30

C

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _____ pounds per square inch (psi) A. 3000 B. 500 C. 2000 D. 1000

C

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: A. is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure B. remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation C. moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath D. is moved through the lungs in a single minute

C

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: A. center of the mouth to the posterior ear B. corner of the mouth to the superior ear C. corner of the mouth to the earlobe D. angle of the jaw to the center of the mouth

C

Which of the following is a sign of abnormal breathing? A. Speaking in full sentences B. Passive exhalation C. Accessory muscle use D. Symmetric chest wall movement

C

Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by and can be used in any position to an oxygen cylinder? A. Ball-and-float flowmeter B. Vertical-position flowmeter C. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter D. Pressure-compensated flowmeter

C

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? A. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume B. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed C. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing D. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations

C

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? A. A patient with slow respirations and adequacy will experience an increase in minute volume B. The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate C. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate D. Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually don't require assisted ventilation

C

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? A. Oxygenation is the movement of air and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gases B. Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure C. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation D. In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, ventilation is impaired because binds to oxygen very quickly

C

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? A. Larynx B. Pharynx C. Bronchus D. Oropharynx

C

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastanum? A. Lungs B. Bronchioles C. Esophagus D. Larynx

C

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should: A. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask B. attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway C. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device D. administer continuous positive airway pressure

C

You are performing bag-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen are you delivering? A. 45% B. 65% C. Nearly 100% D. 55%

C

You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, she notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You should: A. increase the volume of your ventilations and reassess his blood pressure B. perform a head-to-toe assessment to look for signs of bleeding C. reduce the rate of volume of the ventilations you are delivering D. increase the rate at which you are ventilating and reassess his blood pressure

C

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. thoroughly suction the stoma B. thrust the jaw forward C. seal the mouth and nose D. ventilate with less pressure

C

You arrive at the scene of a bike accident. A 45-year-old man is lying on the ground. He is unresponsive and has multiple scrapes and cuts on his arms and legs. You note that the patient has strong pulses but labored, snoring respirations. What should you do? A. Insert an airway adjunct B. Use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the patient's airway C. Use the jaw-thrust maneuver to open the patient's airway D. Roll the patient onto his side and suction

C

Your patient is showing signs of severe respiratory distress. Which of the following would be the best choice for providing oxygen to the patient? A. Nasal cannula B. Simple face mask C. Nonrebreathing mask with reservoir D. Oropharyngeal airway

C

Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will: A. time your positive-pressure ventilations to occur during chest recoil B. ventilate with a bag-valve mask that isn't attached to oxygen C. allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs D. deliver positive-pressure ventilation at a rate of only 5 or 6 breaths/min

C

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? A. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed B. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations C. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia D. Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device

D

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: A. perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment B. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device C. insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

D

A man found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cherry red, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? A. Increased body temperature B. Severe pulmonary edema C. Cold extremities D. Carbon monoxide poisoning

D

All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT: A. ventilating the patient at the appropriate rate B. ensuring the appropriate airway position C. delivering each breath over 1 second D. increasing the amount of decreased tidal volume

D

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? A. Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97% B. Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% C. Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98% D. Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 94%

D

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense A. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid B. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid C. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid D. slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

D

For which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen? A. Blood loss B. Hypoxia C. Apnea D. Croup

D

High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called: A. denitrogenation B. active ventilation C. passive ventilation D. apneic oxygenation

D

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: A. an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood B. high oxygen levels in the tissues and cells C. a decrease in arterial oxygen levels D. inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

D

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the A. patient has reduced tidal volume B. one-way valve is sealed C. flow rate is set at 6 L/min D. reservoir bag is fully inflated

D

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is: A. damaging the turbinates B. fracturing the septum C. causing severe bleeding D. penetrating the cranium

D

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is: A. oral abrasions from vigorous suctioning B. clogging of the catheter with thick secretions C. vomiting from stimulating the anterior airway D. hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

D

The _____ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx A. pyriform B. thyroid C. layrngeal D. cricoid

D

The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: A. copious oral secretions B. upper airway swelling C. mandibular fractures D. cervical spine injuries

D

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: A. oxygenation B. respiration C. diffusion D. ventilation

D

The structure located superior to the larynx is called the: A. thyroid cartilage B. carina C. cricoid ring D. epiglottis

D

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? A. Anxiety B. Restlessness C. Tachycardia D. Cyanosis

D

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? A. Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag B. Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult C. An adult's heart rate that is consistently increasing D. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

D

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway? A. A 33-year-old semiconscious patient with reduced tidal volume B. A 51-year-old confused patient with severely labored respirations C. A 64-year-old conscious patient with rapid and deep respirations D. A 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

D

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should: A. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can B. place him in a supine position and open his airway C. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him D. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts

D

While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should: A. decrease the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering B. increase the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering C. remove the CPAP device and apply oxygen by nonrebreathing mask D. remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-mask device

D

You are responding to a 9-year-old female having an asthma attack. On arrival, the school nurse informs you that she gave the patient 2 puffs from her albuterol inhaler. You recall that this medication causes smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of the airways. In what portion of the lower airway does this medication act? A. Alveoli B. Trachea C. Larynx D. Bronchioles

D

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should: A. attempt to replace her dentures so that they fit tightly and resume ventilations B. leave her dentures in place and increase the rate and volume of your ventilations C. leave her dentures in place, but carefully monitor her for an airway obstruction D. remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise

D