EMT - Chapter 16 (Lecture/Quiz)

Most often, low blood flow to heart tissue is caused by what?

Atherosclerosis

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

Dry the chest if it is wet

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

Resistance of the body to the flow of electricity

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

Right Atrium

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

Sinoatrial Node

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:

Who have experienced a head injury

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

Assess the adequacy of his respirations

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

A rapid heart rate

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?

Acute Myocardial Infarction

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:

Administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet?

Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb

You are treating a 50-year-old woman who has just finished a 10k run. She is complaining of crushing pain in the chest radiating down her left arm and nausea, which came on suddenly. She is sweating profusely. What condition should you suspect?

Angina pectoris

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

Begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible

What is the most effective way to assist a person with CHF to breathe effectively and prevent an invasive airway management technique?

CPAP

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

Dependent Edema

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

Family History

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

Have Chronic Hypertension

You are transporting a patient with angina and he loses consciousness on the way to the hospital. When you check, you cannot feel a pulse. What should you do?

Have your partner pull over the ambulance and come back to help you with CPR and the AED

You are treating a 63-year-old patient whose vital signs are as follows: pulse, 140 beats/min and irregular; respiratory rate, 28 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg. He is complaining of chest pain. Given this information, why would nitroglycerin be contraindicated?

His blood pressure is too low

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

Immediately resume CPR

Acute coronary syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by what?

Ischemia

Angina pectoris occurs when:

Myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed:

On the thighs or ankles

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:

Pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest

What is cardiac output?

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 minute

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

The inner layers of the aorta become separated.

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow

You are dispatched to a 60-year-old man reporting chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient has angina and is taking nitroglycerin, furosemide, and atorvastatin. You hear crackles when listening to his breath sounds. The patient's difficulty breathing and crackles are due to blood backing up in which part of the body?

The lungs

Which dysrhythmia is the most common cause of sudden death in a cardiovascular emergency?

Ventricular fibrillation