EMT Chapter 25

A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority?

1" laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

Lungs can survive _______ minutes without blood

15-20

Skeletal muscles may last _______ hours without blood

2

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

Brain and spinal cord can last _____ minutes without blood

4-6 minutes

Kidneys can survive ______ minutes without blood

45

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

Which is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding?

BP, 140/90 mmHg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations 8 breaths/min

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

Clotting Coagulation Vasoconstriction

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

Gastrointestinal system

Hemophilia means that

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

Red blood cells

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

Right

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

apply direct pressure first use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should:

avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint

Arterial bleeding

brighter red and spurts in time with the pulse

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as

circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen

Venous bleeding

dark red, flows slowly or rapidly depending on size of the vein, does not spurt

Capillary bleeding

dark red, oozes steadily but slowly

The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is:

direct pressure and elevation

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding

A 70-year old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. When you arrive, you find him leaning over a basin, which contains an impressive amount of blood. He has a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and migraine headaches. His BP is 180/100 and his heart rate is 100 beats/ min. Which is the MOST contributing factor to his nosebleed?

his blood pressure

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

perfusion

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity

Controlling internal bleeding requires:

surgery in a hospital

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT

systolic blood pressure

When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first:

take appropriate standard precautions

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released

When caring for a patient with a severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to:

tilt the patients head forward while he or she is leaning forward

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness