EMT Emergency Care - Chapter 9/10 - Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation (Multiple Choice only)

What are adequate breathing rates for children, adults, and infants?

Adults: 12-20 breaths/minute Children: 15-30 breaths/minute Infants: 25-50 breaths/minute

When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds. a. 10 b. 30 c. 45 d. 60

a. 10

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask? a. 50 percent b. 16 percent c. 21 percent d. 100 percent

a. 50 percent

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute. a. 6 b. 4 c. 2 d. 8

a. 6

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first? a. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. b. Listen to his lung sounds. c. Obtain the patient's medical history. d. Check for a radial pulse.

a. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? a. Bronchi b. Uvula c. Pharynx d. Tonsils

a. Bronchi

Your patient is a 4-year-old male who was struck by a vehicle and is now unresponsive with an obvious head injury. As you are ventilating him with a bag-valve-mask device, you detect increasing resistance to ventilation. Which of the following should you do? a. Check your rate of ventilation. b. Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver to ensure that the airway is open. c. Switch to a flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device. d. Stop ventilations for 1 to 2 minutes to allow trapped air to escape from the lungs.

a. Check your rate of ventilation.

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would be the closest to last no longer than 50 minutes flowing at 10 liters per minute? a. E tank b. D tank c. M tank d. G tank

a. E tank

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright? a. Pressure-compensated flowmeter b. Constant flow selector valve c. Hudson gauge flowmeter d. Bourdon gauge flowmeter

a. Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Which of the following is true concerning the procedure for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway? a. The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum. b. If a water-soluble lubricant is not available, a silicon spray can be substituted. c. It can only be placed in the right nostril. d. The length of the device is not as important as it is with oropharyngeal airways.

a. The bevel should be turned toward the nasal septum.

Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? a. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. b. The tongue is not as likely to obstruct the airway as in an adult. c. Due to their short necks, pediatric patients require a greater degree of hyperextension to open the airway than do adults. d. Gastric distention is unlikely.

a. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.

To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements? a. Tidal volume and respiratory rate b. Tidal volume and dead space air c. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate d. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate

a. Tidal volume and respiratory rate

Which of the following methods for providing ventilatory assistance is considered most effective? a. Two-person bag-valve mask technique with high-flow supplemental oxygen b. Mouth-to-mouth using oxygen c. One-person bag-valve mask technique d. Pocket face mask without oxygen

a. Two-person bag-valve mask technique with high-flow supplemental oxygen

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he is confused about whether he has taken his asthma medication. What is the treatment for this patient? a. Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD. b. Use a pocket mask, which will provide adequate oxygen to improve the patient's condition. c. Supplement the breaths with high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. d. Give mouth-to-mouth breathing with a nasal cannula, providing the patient with an increase of oxygen.

a. Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure? a. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change. b. When the patient who is short of breath, with noisy respiration, presents in the tripod position but then suddenly has the condition clear up and return to normal. c. When the compensatory mechanism is no longer needed and the patient goes into arrest. d. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems fail with the demand for oxygen, pupils dilate, and the skin becomes hot and dry.

a. When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? a. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. b. You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing. c. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute. d. Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag.

a. You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

The point at which the trachea divides into the two mainstem bronchi is called the: a. carina. b. sternal notch. c. xiphoid process. d. hypopharynx.

a. carina.

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory: a. distress. b. failure. c. arrest. d. hypoxia.

a. distress.

Your patient was attempting to slide down a railing on a skateboard. He struck a concrete step with his face and is unconscious. You note a clear viscous fluid coming from his nose. He is breathing inadequately and requires ventilation. You should: a. give breaths with a pocket mask. b. suction the fluid to clear the airway. c. insert a nasopharyngeal airway. d. put the victim in the recovery position.

a. give breaths with a pocket mask.

An insufficiency in the supply of oxygen to the body's tissues is called: a. hypoxia b. hypoventilation c. respiratory compromise d. bronchoconstriction

a. hypoxia

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: a. hypoxia. b. hypotension. c. hypercarbia. d. hyperventilation.

a. hypoxia.

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths a minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. The patient gagged while you suctioned his airway. Now that the airway is clear, you should: a. insert a nasopharyngeal airway. b. insert an oropharyngeal airway. c. ventilate the victim in the recovery position. d. compress the chest to clear the lungs.

a. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths a minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. The patient gagged while you suctioned his airway. Now that the airway is clear, you should: a. insert a nasopharyngeal airway. b. insert an oropharyngeal airway. c. ventilate the victim in the recovery position. d. compress the chest to clear the lungs.

a. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck. After removing the regulator from the old cylinder, removing the old cylinder, and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment, you attempt to connect the regulator. The new cylinder has a yellow stripe around it instead of a green one but was stored with the green cylinders. You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn. You should: a. remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder. b. replace the oxygen regulator with a new one. c. attempt to force the regulator onto the cylinder d. put the old cylinder back on the truck.

a. remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder.

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator? a. A pop-off valve b. A flexible gasket c. Medical grade adhesive tape d. A light coating of lubricant

b. A flexible gasket

Which of the following patients should NOT have their airway opened using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver? a. A 35-year-old diabetic woman found unresponsive in the driver's seat of her vehicle in the parking lot of her apartment complex b. A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders c. A 50-year-old woman who choked on a piece of food while dining in a restaurant and slid out of her chair d. A 25-year-old man who is still unresponsive after a grand mal seizure

b. A homeless person of undetermined age found lying unresponsive in an alley with no bystanders

In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question? a. Are they sick or not sick? b. Are they breathing? c. Are they alive or dead? d. Is their breathing adequate or inadequate?

b. Are they breathing?

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? a. Insert the proper venture to receive the correct oxygen concentration. b. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration. c. Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 200 psi in the tank. d. Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and observe for the heart rate to slow.

b. Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning? a. Suction intermittently, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter. b. Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction. c. Begin suctioning as you insert the suction tip or catheter into the mouth. d. Suction continuously, both while inserting and withdrawing the suction tip or catheter.

b. Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.

Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway? a. Regular chest movements b. Nasal flaring c. Equal expansion of both sides of the chest when patient inhales d. Typical skin coloration

b. Nasal flaring

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected from his vehicle due to striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first? a. Apply a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow rate of 15 lpm. b. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen. c. Perform a rapid trauma assessment. d. Apply a cervical collar.

b. Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should: a. suction the airway with a rigid suction catheter. b. apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen. c. administer 4 lpm of oxygen via nasal cannula. d. insert a nasal airway and ventilate.

b. apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

During your assessment of a 54-year-old male patient, you find that he is not breathing; your next step should be to: a. check for a pulse, and look for severe bleeding. b. confirm that the airway is actually open. c. begin providing artificial ventilations to the patient. d. begin chest compressions.

b. confirm that the airway is actually open.

A 45-year-old is suffering from an acute asthma attack. You expect the patient to have:a. increased tidal volume. b. decreased tidal volume. c. increased dead space. d. decreased dead space.

b. decreased tidal volume.

If you do not have the proper size oropharyngeal airway to fit your patient: a. use the next larger size. b. do not use one. c. use the next smaller size. d. use either a smaller or a larger one.

b. do not use one.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called: a. cellular respiration. b. external respiration. c. internal respiration. d. osmosis.

b. external respiration.

Signs of inadequate artificial ventilation of an adult patient include: a. a heart rate that returns to normal. b. failure of the patient's skin color to improve. c. the patient's chest rising and falling with each ventilation. d. a ventilation rate of approximately 12 per minute.

b. failure of the patient's skin color to improve.

Oropharyngeal airways can be used on unconscious patients, except those who: a. are in cardiac arrest. b. have a gag reflex. c. are under 8 years old. d. have a contagious respiratory disease.

b. have a gag reflex.

One method of determining which size oropharyngeal airway to use is by: a. comparing it to the diameter of the patient's little finger. b. measuring from the corner of the patient's mouth to the tip of the earlobe on the same side. c. use the largest airway that will fit into the patient's mouth. d. make a visual comparison between the patient and the airway and pick the one that seems closest.

b. measuring from the corner of the patient's mouth to the tip of the earlobe on the same side.

The nasopharyngeal airway is popular because it: a. comes in more sizes than the oropharyngeal airway. b. often does not stimulate a gag reflex. c. can be used even if clear (CSF) fluid is seen in the nose or ears. d. is made of rigid clear plastic, which is less likely to cause bleeding.

b. often does not stimulate a gag reflex.

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should: a. reduce the concentration of oxygen. b. reduce the volume of the ventilations. c. increase the concentration of oxygen. d. begin chest compressions.

b. reduce the volume of the ventilations.

The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is inadequate to support life is called: a. respiratory arrest. b. respiratory failure. c. respiratory compromise. d. respiratory constriction.

b. respiratory failure.

Your patient is breathing 4 shallow breaths per minute due to overdosing on his pain medication but he has a palpable radial pulse. He vomited prior to your arrival and is choking. You should: a. insert an oropharyngeal airway and ventilate. b. roll him over onto his side to clear the airway. c. perform chest thrusts to clear the lungs. d. move the patient to the ambulance and suction

b. roll him over onto his side to clear the airway.

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called: a. respiration. b. ventilation. c. inhalation. d. tidal volume.

b. ventilation.

if oxygen is connected to a pocket face mask, the setting on the oxygen tank regulator should be set to: a. 6 lpm b. 10 lpm c. 15 lpm d. 25 lpm

c. 15 lpm

Oxygen cylinder sizes vary, but all are considered "full" when pressure is equal to: a. 1,000 psi b. 1,500 psi c. 2,000 psi d. 2,500 psi

c. 2,000 psi

A nonrebreather mask at 12-15 liters per minute can deliver to the patient what percent of oxygen? a. 16-21 b. 24- 44 c. 80- 90 d. 90- 100

c. 80- 90

Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen? a. A 6-year-old male with a history of asthma whose breath sounds are silent and who is drowsy b. A 31-year-old male who is unresponsive due to an overdose of narcotics c. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband d. A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who can speak two or three words at a time without a breath

c. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband

Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal injuries require oxygen to maintain internal respiration? a. A lack of oxygen in the air decreases the oxygen diffused into the bloodstream, which creates an increase of carbon dioxide. b. The swelling of the abdominal space causes the diaphragm to be restricted, which will reduce the thorax space. c. A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability. d. The red blood cells have a reduction of hemoglobin that reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported.

c. A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability.

What is the extremely rare condition that can cause respiratory depression? a. High concentration of oxygen can depress breathing when the patient has an allergic reaction from the oxygen. b. The eyes can develop scar tissue on the retina from a high concentration of oxygen. c. COPD has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing. d. Lungs can react unfavorably to oxygen when the concentration is too high for a long period of time and this can depress breathing.

c. COPD has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing.

When providing airway management and ventilation procedures, which of the following is required for body substance isolation? a. Gloves, gown, mask, and goggles are needed. b. Gloves only are needed. c. Gloves, mask, and goggles are needed. d. Body substance isolation is not needed unless secretions contain a visible amount of blood

c. Gloves, mask, and goggles are needed.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway? a. It eliminates the need for manual positioning of the patient's head to keep the airway open. b. It is ideal for patients with a suspected skull fracture. c. It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex. d. All of the above

c. It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex.

Why is inhalation described as an active process? a. It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. b. It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure. c. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure. d. It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure.

c. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient? a. Oropharyngeal airway b. Simple face mask c. Nonrebreather mask d. Nasal cannula

c. Nonrebreather mask

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure? a. Filter b. Float ball c. Regulator d. Flowmeter

c. Regulator

Your patient, in whom you have inserted an oropharyngeal airway, is beginning to regain consciousness and develop a gag reflex. Which of the following is the proper way of managing this situation? a. Pull the airway out slightly to keep it away from the back of the throat. b. Use gentle manual pressure to keep the patient from expelling the airway. c. Turn the patient on her side and remove the airway. d. Spray a topical anesthetic into the throat to prevent the gag reflex from being stimulated

c. Turn the patient on her side and remove the airway.

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option? a. Consult with medical control about restraining the patient. b. Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation. c. Use a nasal cannula instead. d. Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further.

c. Use a nasal cannula instead.

The structures within the lung that allow exchange of gases with the bloodstream are known as: a. bronchioles. b. pleura. c. alveoli. d. carina.

c. alveoli.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called: a. oxygenation. b. external respiration. c. internal respiration. d. dehydration.

c. internal respiration.

Your 24-year-old female patient has fallen from the roof of her house and is unconscious. The best method of opening her airway is the: a. head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver b. head-tilt, neck-lift maneuver. c. jaw-thrust maneuver d. tongue-jaw lift maneuver.

c. jaw-thrust maneuver

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: a. tape the dentures in place. b. remove the dentures. c. leave the dentures in place. d. use an infant mask over the nose.

c. leave the dentures in place.

The first step of emergency care in the patient with inadequate breathing is: a. checking for the patient's pulse. b. manually stabilizing the cervical spine. c. opening and maintaining the patient's airway. d. looking for and controlling severe bleeding

c. opening and maintaining the patient's airway.

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi. a. 300 b. 1,000 c. 500 d. 200

d. 200

To be effective, a suction unit must be able to generate air flow of ________ liters per minute and create a vacuum of ________ mmHg. a. 300; 30 b. 30; 30 c. 300; 330 d. 30; 300

d. 30; 300

Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? a. Blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs. b. Air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs. c. Blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacks, and diffusion occurs. d. Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

d. Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.

On which of the following types of calls should you bring your portable suction unit to the patient's side upon arrival on the scene? a. Motor vehicle collision b. Cardiac arrest c. Seizure d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What are the signs of hypoxia? a. Warm dry skin, with difficulty in breathing, and hypertension b. Disease process that robs the patient of adequate breathing and perfusion c. Shock caused from the lack of blood flowing to the vital organs like the brain and heart that is irreversible d. Commonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness

d. Commonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder? a. Black b. Orange c. Blue d. Green

d. Green

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases? a. Low hydrogen and high carbon monoxide b. High hydrogen and low carbon dioxide c. High carbon monoxide and low oxygen d. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

d. High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient? a. Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, pink dry skin, normal mental status b. Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, hot clammy skin, normal mental status c. Rapid breathing, pale skin, and a normal mental status d. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

d. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true? a. The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria. b. It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. c. The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis. d. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

d. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Your 68-year-old patient is suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; this condition can cause gas exchange interruption by what process? a. The bronchioles are constricted by the abundance of thick secretions that reduce the airflow into the alveoli. b. It is caused by a long-term disease process that blocks the blood flow to the alveoli due to arteriolosclerosis interrupting gas exchange. c. The process of inspiration and expiration has grown sluggish due to the advanced age of the patient and the deterioration of the lung tissue. d. It limits the alveoli's capability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide because the alveoli itself is not working.

d. It limits the alveoli's capability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide because the alveoli itself is not working.

Which of the following is true when suctioning a patient's airway? a. Never suction for longer than one minute. b. Suction only as the catheter is going into the mouth. c. BSI precautions are not necessary unless blood is seen. d. Suction longer than 15 seconds if patient continues to vomit.

d. Suction longer than 15 seconds if patient continues to vomit.

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? a. The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases. b. The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement. c. It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space. d. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

d. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

Which of the following is the BEST description of inadequate breathing? a. The respiratory rate is slower than normal. b. The minute volume is greater than normal. c. The respiratory rate is faster than normal. d. The minute volume is less than normal.

d. The minute volume is less than normal.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways? a. They cannot be used in patients with a suspected skull fracture. b. They do not come in pediatric sizes. c. They require the use of a water-soluble lubricant. d. They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

d. They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.

You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway? a. Using a rigid pharyngeal suction tip b. Irrigating the mouth with sterile water to dilute the material before suctioning c. Using a 14 French suction catheter d. Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached

d. Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached

A 28-year-old male has been stabbed in the chest with a hunting knife. As you perform your primary survey, you see that air is escaping from the wound. What is the reason for this? a. Chest integrity has caused disruption of the mechanics of breathing over pressuring the plural space, taking the air flow through the wound. b. With the addition of a second passage, the positive pressure in the chest balances with the atmospheric pressure to create a fail segment that allows for air to be sucked through the wound. c. The disruption of chest integrity has caused bronchoconstriction to increase, which makes the only pathway for the air through the wound. d. When the mechanics of breathing are disrupted, a negative pressure cannot be created to pull air through the normal air passages and air is sucked through the wound.

d. When the mechanics of breathing are disrupted, a negative pressure cannot be created to pull air through the normal air passages and air is sucked through the wound.

Patient conditions that may require supplemental oxygen include: a. shock b. head injury c. broken bones d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Signs of inadequate breathing include: a. wheezing, crowing, or gurgling noises. b. cyanosis of the lips, earlobes, or nail beds. c. the patient being unable to speak in full sentences. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Nasopharyngeal airways must be lubricated to ease insertion; you should use: a. petroleum jelly. b. any petroleum-based lubricant, such as WD-40. c. any silicone-based lubricant. d. any water-based lubricant.

d. any water-based lubricant.

You are ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his abdomen is getting bigger. You should: a. decrease the flow of oxygen. b. suction the airway. c. apply pressure to the abdomen. d. apply cricoid pressure.

d. apply cricoid pressure.

You have performed a head tilt-chin lift maneuver on a 17-month-old boy and are attempting to ventilate him with a bag-valve mask. You are experiencing a lot of resistance with each breath and the chest is barely rising. Prior to attempting ventilations again, you should: a. visually examine the airway. b. tilt the head back further. c. perform chest thrusts. d. ease the head forward a little.

d. ease the head forward a little.