EMT Exam 8

C32- Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss. A. 1,000 B. 1,500 C. 2,000 D. 4,000

A. 1,000

C32- The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the: A. clavicle. B. scapula. C. radius and ulna. D. midshaft femur.

A. clavicle.

C32- Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle? A. heart B. skeleton C. blood vessels D. diaphragm

C. blood vessels

C31- The mesentery is: A. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. B. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. C. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. D. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

D. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

C32- You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to: A. elevate the injured arm and reassess distal sensory function. B. inflate the splint with more air until the patient is comfortable. C. assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary. D. remove the air splint and reimmobilize with padded board splints.

C. assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

C31- A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. external genitalia injury. B. a lacerated liver or spleen. C. blunt injury to the kidney. D. a ruptured urinary bladder.

C. blunt injury to the kidney.

C32- Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock? A. hip B. femur C. pelvis D. humerus

C. pelvis

C32- A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: A. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. B. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg. C. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps. D. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher.

C. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

C32- Crepitus and false motion are: A. indicators of a severe sprain. B. only seen with open fractures. C. positive indicators of a fracture. D. most common with dislocations.

C. positive indicators of a fracture

C31- The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: A. is always accompanied by hypotension. B. indicates a state of decompensated shock. C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock. D. is most commonly caused by severe pain.

C. should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

C32- Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury? A. A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard. B. A skier dislocates his knee after a twisting injury to the ankle. C. A person lands on his or her feet and fractures the lumbar spine. D. A child dislocates his elbow after falling on his outstretched arm.

A. A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.

C32- Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? A. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury. B. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity. C. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury. D. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis.

A. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

C31- Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the: A. Kehr sign. B. Cullen sign. C. Grey Turner sign. D. Brudzinski sign.

A. Kehr sign.

C31- A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. B. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. C. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. D. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

C32- In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with: A. articular cartilage. B. synovial tendons. C. muscular fascia. D. gliding cartilage.

A. articular cartilage.

C32- You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should: A. assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions. B. gently attempt to move his arm toward his body. C. place a pillow under his arm and apply a swathe. D. flex his arm at the elbow and then apply a sling.

A. assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

C31- When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: A. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. B. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. C. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints. D. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints.

A. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

C32- A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should: A. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay. B. apply traction splints to both of his legs, keep him warm, and transport without delay. C. splint each of his deformed femurs with long board splints and transport immediately. D. apply the PASG to stabilize his femurs and transport at once.

A. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

C32- The musculoskeletal system refers to the: A. bones and voluntary muscles of the body. B. nervous system's control over the muscles. C. connective tissue that supports the skeleton. D. involuntary muscles of the nervous system.

A. bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

C32- When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should: A. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems. B. apply rigid board splints across the chest and back. C. assume that minimal force was applied to the back. D. recognize that scapular fractures are life threatening.

A. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

C31- You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: A. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently. B. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment. C. begin documenting the call on the patient care form. D. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition.

A. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

C31- Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: A. distention. B. referred pain. C. diffuse bruising. D. nausea or vomiting.

A. distention.

C31- A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is: A. hematuria. B. hemoptysis. C. hematemesis. D. hematochezia.

A. hematuria.

C31- All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the: A. liver. B. bladder. C. ureters. D. stomach.

A. liver.

C31- Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: A. liver. B. spleen. C. kidney. D. stomach.

A. liver.

C31- Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: A. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. B. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression. C. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full. D. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort.

A. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

C32- The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is: A. neurovascular compromise. B. internal bleeding and shock. C. ligament and cartilage damage. D. total depletion of synovial fluid.

A. neurovascular compromise.

C32- Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe? A. nondisplaced pelvic fracture B. open fractures of a long bone C. an amputation of an extremity D. multiple closed long bone fractures

A. nondisplaced pelvic fracture

C32- The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to: A. prevent further injury. B. maximize distal circulation. C. make the patient comfortable. D. facilitate ambulance transport.

A. prevent further injury.

C32- The pectoral girdle consists of the: A. scapulae and clavicles. B. clavicles and rib cage. C. sternum and scapulae. D. acromion and clavicles.

A. scapulae and clavicles.

C32- Which of the following joints allows no motion? A. skull sutures B. sacroiliac joint C. shoulder joint D. sternoclavicular joint

A. skull sutures

C32- A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 15 minutes. You should: A. splint the elbow in the position found and transport. B. gently manipulate the elbow to improve circulation. C. gently straighten the elbow and apply an air splint. D. apply a heat pack to the elbow to reduce swelling.

A. splint the elbow in the position found and transport.

C32- Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by: A. swelling. B. guarding. C. crepitus. D. ecchymosis.

A. swelling.

C32- The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called: A. traction. B. reduction. C. stabilization. D. immobilization.

A. traction.

C31- Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? A. Most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space. B. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding. C. The liver is well protected and is rarely injured during a traumatic event. D. Hollow abdominal organs are vascular and bleed profusely when injured.

B. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

C31- Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? A. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant. B. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist. C. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. D. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration.

B. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

57. During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: A. splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately. B. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse. C. carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints. D. make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow.

B. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

C32- Bone marrow produces: A. platelets. B. blood cells. C. lymphocytes. D. electrolytes.

B. blood cells.

C32- A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n): A. total loss of function in a bone. B. break in the continuity of the bone. C. disruption in the midshaft of a bone. D. abnormality in the structure of a bone.

B. break in the continuity of the bone.

C32- When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should: A. assess proximal circulation. B. compare it to the uninjured leg. C. carefully move it to elicit crepitus. D. ask the patient to move the injured leg.

B. compare it to the uninjured leg.

C32- Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. swelling. B. deformity. C. ecchymosis. D. point tenderness.

B. deformity.

C32- A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the: A. radial head. B. distal humerus. C. proximal radius. D. olecranon process.

B. distal humerus.

C32- A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the: A. distal ulna. B. distal radius. C. proximal radius. D. radius and ulna.

B. distal radius.

C31- A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. covering him with a warm blanket. B. giving him small sips of plain water. C. promptly transporting to the hospital. D. administering supplemental oxygen.

B. giving him small sips of plain water.

C32- During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. applying and inflating the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) and transporting. B. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting. C. applying a traction splint to immobilize her femur. D. carefully splinting each of her deformed extremities.

B. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

C31- You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: A. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device. C. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status. D. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min.

B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

C31- You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if: A. the patient is conscious. B. law enforcement is at the scene. C. there are other patients involved. D. the severity of the injury is known.

B. law enforcement is at the scene.

C31- While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should: A. perform a head-to-toe assessment while she is in the car. B. lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel. C. carefully assess her upper chest for seatbelt-related injuries. D. extricate her immediately and transport to a trauma center.

B. lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

C31- Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? A. bladder B. liver C. stomach D. intestine

B. liver.

C32- A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the: A. thoracic spine. B. lumbar spine. C. coccygeal spine. D. symphysis pubis.

B. lumbar spine

C32- A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. A. greenstick B. pathologic C. transverse D. comminuted

B. pathologic

C31- When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: A. the abdomen will become instantly distended. B. peritonitis may not develop for several hours. C. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. D. it commonly protrudes through the injury site.

B. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

C32- A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: A. anterior hip dislocation. B. posterior hip dislocation. C. a thoracic spine fracture. D. fracture of the tibia or fibula.

B. posterior hip dislocation.

C31- Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: A. vital signs should be monitored frequently. B. prompt transport to the hospital is essential. C. the EMT must perform a thorough exam. D. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated.

B. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

C32- The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have: A. pelvic fractures. B. pulmonary edema. C. bilateral femur fractures. D. any trauma below the pelvis.

B. pulmonary edema.

C31- Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: A. localized pain. B. red areas of skin. C. gross distention. D. dark purple marks.

B. red areas of skin.

C32- Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to: A. prevent further injury. B. reduce pain and swelling. C. enhance tissue circulation. D. maintain extremity perfusion.

B. reduce pain and swelling.

C32- Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. autonomic

B. skeletal

C32- A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments. A. strain B. sprain C. fracture D. dislocation

B. sprain

C32- Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle. A. smooth B. striated C. connective D. involuntary

B. striated

C32- Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called: A. fascia. B. tendons. C. cartilage. D. ligaments.

B. tendons.

C32- If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting: A. distal circulation. B. the patient history. C. bruising to the shoulder. D. the presence of deformity.

B. the patient history.

C32- In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: A. the patient is in severe pain. B. the patient is clinically unstable. C. deformity and swelling are present. D. transport time is less than 15 minutes.

B. the patient is clinically unstable.

C32- Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is MOST correct? A. Posterior dislocations are most common. B. They are caused by forced arm adduction. C. Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly. D. They involve the acromion process and humerus.

C. Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

C32- A subluxation occurs when: A. ligaments are partially severed. B. a fracture and a dislocation exist. C. a joint is incompletely dislocated. D. a bone develops a hairline fracture.

C. a joint is incompletely dislocated.

C31- Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: A. air bag deployment. B. failure to wear seatbelts. C. a poorly placed lap belt. D. rapid vehicle deceleration.

C. a poorly placed lap belt.

C32- A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves: A. applying a traction splint to realign the deformity. B. applying and fully inflating the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG). C. applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg. D. binding the legs together and elevating them 6″ to 8″.

C. applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg

C32- With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the: A. area of obvious deformity over the site of impact. B. exact part of the bone or joint that was disrupted. C. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury. D. part of the body that sustained secondary injury.

C. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

C31- A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: A. transport only if signs of shock begin to develop. B. carefully probe the wound to determine its depth. C. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. D. clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing.

C. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

C32- A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities. A. greenstick B. diaphyseal C. epiphyseal D. metaphyseal

C. epiphyseal

C32- Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. assessing motor function. B. assessing sensory function. C. evaluating proximal pulses. D. determining capillary refill.

C. evaluating proximal pulses.

C32- Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the: A. hip. B. pelvis. C. femur. D. humerus.

C. femur

C31- Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called: A. flexing. B. referring. C. guarding. D. withdrawing.

C. guarding

C31- Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a: A. rollover crash. B. lateral collision. C. head-on crash. D. rear-end collision.

C. head-on crash.

C32- In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? A. when distal circulation and neurological functions are absent B. if transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes C. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain D. if a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity

C. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

C32- A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should: A. perform a rapid secondary assessment. B. straighten his arm and apply a board splint. C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. D. place a pillow under his arm and apply a sling.

C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

C31- During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: A. a ruptured spleen. B. a severe liver laceration. C. intra-abdominal bleeding. D. rupture of a hollow organ.

C. intra-abdominal bleeding.

C32- Atrophy is a condition that occurs when: A. increased use of skeletal muscle causes an increase in its strength. B. the tendons that attach muscle to bone become stretched or injured. C. muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma. D. carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other wastes accumulate in the muscle.

C. muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma

C32- During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should: A. defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center. B. perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis. C. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine. D. log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once.

C. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

C31- Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? A. pancreas B. fallopian tubes C. urinary bladder D. liver or spleen

C. urinary bladder.

C31- A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him? A. What does your blood pressure normally run? B. Do you take any over-the-counter medications? C. Has blood soaked through your undergarments? D. Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

D. Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

C32- Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? A. Striated muscle is involuntary because you have no conscious control over it. B. Most of the body's striated muscle is found within the walls of the blood vessels. C. Striated muscle tissue is attached directly to the bones by tough bands of cartilage. D. It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

D. It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

C32- Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should: A. hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device and monitor his oxygen saturation. B. apply high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport. C. focus your assessment on his scapulae and clavicles and apply high-flow oxygen. D. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

D. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

C31- When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should: A. theorize as to why the sexual assault occurred. B. include the results of his or her internal vaginal exam. C. include a description of the suspected perpetrator. D. avoid speculation and document only factual data.

D. avoid speculation and document only factual data.

C31- Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: A. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings. B. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport. C. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient. D. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

D. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

C32- A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should: A. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions. B. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury. C. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates. D. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

D. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

C32- The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is: A. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain. B. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site. C. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature. D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

C31- Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: A. aorta. B. spleen. C. stomach. D. diaphragm.

D. diaphragm.

C32- The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a: A. strain. B. sprain. C. fracture. D. dislocation.

D. dislocation.

C32- Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity? A. severe strain B. moderate sprain C. hairline fracture D. displaced fracture

D. displaced fracture

C31- Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when: A. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma. B. the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed. C. bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

D. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

C32- When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed: A. into a fist. B. in a straight position. C. in an extended position. D. in a functional position.

D. in a functional position.

C32- Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called: A. bursa. B. tendons. C. cartilage. D. ligaments.

D. ligaments.

C32- Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? A. an amputated extremity B. bilateral femur fractures C. nondisplaced long bone fractures D. pelvic fracture with hypotension

D. pelvic fracture with hypotension

C32- The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is: A. guarding. B. severe swelling. C. obvious bruising. D. point tenderness.

D. point tenderness.

C32- A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: A. pelvic girdle. B. femoral shaft. C. pubic symphysis. D. proximal femur.

D. proximal femur.

C32- What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures? A. cardiac B. skeletal C. striated D. smooth

D. smooth

C32- A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: A. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs. B. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment. C. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations. D. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

D. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

C32- An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which: A. bone ends protrude through the skin. B. a large laceration overlies the fracture. C. a bullet shatters the underlying bone. D. the overlying skin is no longer intact.

D. the overlying skin is no longer intact.

C31- A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: A. apply full spinal motion restriction precautions. B. keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs. C. place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. D. transport him in the position in which you found him.

D. transport him in the position in which you found him.