EMT Module 4
If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: stimulate the vagus nerve. become obstructed by mucus. push the tongue anteriorly. result in tachycardia.
A
Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. intense stress. B. mind-altering substance use. C. Alzheimer's disease. D. schizophrenia
C
Urticaria is the medical term for: hives. swelling. burning. a wheal.
A
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to: A. restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries. B. approach the patient and calm him by placing your hand on his shoulder. C. try to gain the patient's trust by telling him that you see the vampires too. D. request that the police officers arrest him and take him to the hospital.
A
A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should: calmly identify yourself to the patient. tell the patient that you want to help. quickly tend to the bleeding wound. approach the patient with caution.
A
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is: epilepsy. intracranial bleeding. a serious infection. a brain tumor.
A
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: right atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle. left atrium.
A
A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect? Pulmonary embolism Congestive heart failure Diabetic ketoacidosis Severe hypoglycemia
A
A 73-year-old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. You should: A. administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration. B. ask him if he has epinephrine and request approval from medical control to administer it to the patient. C. avoid the use of epinephrine because of his cardiac history, even if his symptoms become severe. D. begin transport and request to administer epinephrine if his systolic blood pressure falls below 110 mm Hg.
A
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she: has bleeding within the brain. has had a prior heart attack. is older than 60 years of age.
A
A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by: dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon. scraping fatty deposits off of the lumen of the coronary artery. placing a stent inside the coronary artery to keep it from narrowing. bypassing the coronary artery with a vessel from the chest or leg.
A
A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who: A. have delivered a baby before. B. have gestational diabetes. C. are pregnant for the first time. D. are younger than 30 years of age.
A
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when: a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. a small cerebral artery ruptures and causes minimal damage. medications are given to dissolve a cerebral blood clot. signs and symptoms resolve spontaneously within 48 hours.
A
Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested: aspirin. iron. methanol. ethanol.
A
Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal: combativeness. warm, dry skin. hyperactivity. sunken eyes.
A
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. 3 5 4 6
A
Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: flows into the pulmonary arteries. has a high concentration of oxygen. enters the systemic circulation. was received directly from the aorta.
A
Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include: histamines and leukotrienes. leukocytes and epinephrine. adrenaline and histamines. the bee venom itself.
A
Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should: A. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion. B. place her legs together and position her on her left side. C. carefully insert a sterile trauma dressing into her vagina. D. elevate her legs 6 to 8 inches and cover her with a blanket.
A
From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery? Uterus Vagina Cervix Perineum
A
Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: A. their bones bend more easily than an adult's. B. the growth plate is commonly injured. C. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. D. twisting injuries are more common in children.
A
Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: A. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. B. of more than 2°F to 3°F per hour. C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. D. secondary to a severe bacterial infection.
A
If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at: A. 7:57. B. 8:00. C. 7:59. D. 7:53.
A
In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant: has an even proportionately larger head. retains heat better because of excess body hair. is one who is born before 38 weeks' gestation. is often covered with excess vernix material.
A
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: who have experienced a head injury. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. with a history of an ischemic stroke. who have taken up to two doses.
A
Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are MOST indicative of: A. appendicitis. B. pancreatitis. C. gastroenteritis. D. cholecystitis.
A
Pale skin in a child indicates that the: blood vessels near the skin are constricted. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. child's core body temperature is elevated. child is in severe decompensated shock.
A
Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because: substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration. digestion prevents accurate auscultation of bowel sounds. food will rapidly travel through the digestive system. it will create referred pain and obscure the diagnosis.
A
Placenta previa is defined as: A. development of the placenta over the cervical opening. B. abnormal development and functioning of the placenta. C. Premature placental separation from the uterine wall. D. delivery of a portion of the placenta before the baby.
A
The descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the: umbilicus. iliac crest. pubic symphysis. nipple line.
A
The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: A. that the baby's airway may be obstructed. B. an expected finding in full-term infants. C. that full newborn resuscitation will be needed. D. that the fetus is at least 4 weeks premature.
A
The principal symptom in both infectious and noninfectious gastroenteritis is: A. diarrhea. B. high fever. C. vomiting. D. dysuria.
A
Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: at the feet. in the ambulance. at the head. en route to the hospital.
A
When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first. it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs. most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms. the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured.
A
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke? Blockage of a cerebral artery Acute atherosclerotic disease Narrowing of a carotid artery Rupture of a cerebral artery
A
Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? An unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations A conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume A semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation A responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately
A
Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Constriction of blood vessels in the muscles B. Dilation of blood vessels in the muscles C. Increases in the heart and respiratory rates D. Constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system
A
Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating Sharp pain that is typically located in both lower abdominal quadrants The passage of bright red blood in the stool or coughing up blood Symptom relief after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
A
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway? Stridor Rales Wheezing Rhonchi
A
Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct? A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger. At this age, the infant typically sleeps for up to 8 hours a day. The infant should be aroused easily from a sleeping state. The infant is unable to turn his or her head and focus.
A
Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct? Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women. Mild infections with gonorrhea cause abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. Most men who are infected with gonorrhea do not experience symptoms. Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear within 3 months after being infected.
A
Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old. They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment. Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation.
A
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct? A. The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized. B. The parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed or irritated. C. The most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver. D. An acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs.
A
Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk? Saphenous Subclavian Cephalic Axillary
A
Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction? A. The environment in which the patient is found B. The patient's general physical appearance C. The time of year in which the exposure occurred D. The patient's family history
A
You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system? Rapid eye movement Excessive tearing or crying Consistent eye contact An irregular pulse
A
You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes: A. attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated. B. requesting a paramedic to administer naloxone (Narcan). C. assisting his ventilations with a bag-valve mask device. D. asking law enforcement to place handcuffs on the patient.
A
Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for: Glucotrol. Glucophage. Micronase. Diabinese.
B
A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations: slow and shallow. deep and rapid. rapid and shallow. slow and deep.
B
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: wheezing. grunting. assuming a tripod position. retracting the intercostal muscles.
B
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: A. a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. B. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body. C. any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. D. the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs.
B
An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: result in a soft-tissue injury. cause the child to vomit. depress the gag reflex. result in airway swelling.
B
An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause: gastric ulcers. liver failure. CNS depression. kidney failure.
B
By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's: xiphoid process. belly button. superior diaphragm. pubic bone.
B
Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: as the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely. a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions. the volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates.
B
Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT: bradycardia. hypertension. hypotension. severe headache.
B
Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include: facial droop, speech, and pupil size. arm drift, speech, and facial droop. speech, pupil reaction, and memory. arm drift, memory, and grip strength.
B
During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that: he has thrombophilia. he has hemophilia A. his blood clots too quickly. he has a thrombosis.
B
EMTs are assessing a 2-year-old child who was riding in a car seat when the vehicle struck a tree while traveling at 45 MPH. The child is conscious and appears alert. There are no obvious signs of trauma to the child, and the car seat does not appear to be damaged. The EMTs should: A. secure the child in the car seat with straps and apply a pediatric-sized cervical collar. B. remove the child from the car seat and secure him to a pediatric immobilization device. C. remove the child from the car seat and secure both him and his mother to the stretcher. D. leave the child in the car seat, but pad around the child's head with towels or a pillow.
B
In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen. is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the solid abdominal organs contract. is less likely to become inflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves.
B
Organic brain syndrome is defined as: bizarre behavior secondary to a chemical imbalance or disturbance in the brain. a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function. a disorder that cannot be traced to the abnormal structure or function of an organ. a change in behavior or mental status secondary to decreased cerebral blood flow.
B
Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: hyperthermia. alcohol. swimming pools. child abuse.
B
The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because: A. illness or injury causes the pancreas to produce less insulin. B. children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults. C. children overproduce insulin during severe illness or injury. D. a child's cells do not uptake glucose as rapidly as adults' do.
B
The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: internal blood loss. vomiting and diarrhea. refusal to drink fluids. high fever.
B
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls: touch. emotion. movement. vision.
B
Type 1 diabetes: is typically treated with medications such as metformin. is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body. typically occurs in patients between 50 and 70 years of age. is defined as a blood sugar level that is less than 120 mg/dL.
B
When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the: rate of the patient's pulse. rate and depth of breathing. presence of a medical identification tag. patient's mental status.
B
When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: slide the device under the child. secure the torso before the head. secure the head before the torso. pad underneath the child's head.
B
When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her: A. on her left side with the right leg elevated. B. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches. C. in a supine position with her legs spread. D. in a sitting position with her hips elevated 12 inches.
B
Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm? A. Unilateral hemiparesis B. Sudden, severe headache C. Nasal discharge of blood D. Confusion and weakness
B
Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? Seizures and infection Stroke and heart attack Cardiac arrest and shock Diabetes and migraines
B
Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium worse? Limited physical contact Alcohol withdrawal Elevated blood glucose Dimly lit environment
B
Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures? Enalapril (Vasotec) Levetiracetam (Keppra) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
B
Which of the following processes occurs immediately following ovulation? The endometrium sheds its lining and is expelled from the vagina. The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation. Numerous follicles mature and release eggs into the fallopian tubes. Certain female hormone levels decrease significantly in quantity.
B
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? Widespread atelectasis Aspiration pneumonia Acute asthma attack Early pulmonary edema
B
You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation? Leave the scene and have a neighbor check in on her. Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan. Encourage the patient to remain quiet during transport. Have law enforcement place her in protective custody.
B
Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. You should be MOST concerned that this patient: is severely hypoglycemic. may vomit and aspirate. might become violent. may experience a seizure.
B
Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for: various cancers. pulmonary embolism. hemorrhagic stroke. acute arterial rupture.
B (PE is when a blood clot gets stuck in the lung)
You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should: A. assess his skin color and give free-flow oxygen as needed. B. keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM. C. clamp and cut the umbilical cord and keep him warm. D. begin chest compressions and reassess in 30 seconds.
B (heart rate should be 120-160bpm)
A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should: administer naloxone via the intramuscular route. administer naloxone via the intranasal route. insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM. position the patient on his side and transport.
C
A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: position her supine and elevate her legs 12 inches. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina.
C
A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is: A. intracranial bleeding. B. a serious infection. C. epilepsy. D. a brain tumor.
C
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: A. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing. B. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow. C. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. D. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen.
C
After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to: monitor the patient's BP. document the intervention. be alert for vomiting. call medical control.
C
Albuterol is a generic name for: A. Alupent. B. Atrovent. C. Ventolin. D. Singulair.
C
Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: decreased LOC. bradycardia. restlessness. cyanosis.
C
General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: allowing the patient to be alone if he or she wishes. firmly identifying yourself as an EMS provider. being prepared to spend extra time with the patient. placing the patient between yourself and an exit.
C
Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of: amphetamine sulfate (Benzedrine). ecstasy. oxycodone (Percocet). crack cocaine.
C
If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. 70 50 40 60
C
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to: sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen. sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent.
C
Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: A. progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function. B. chronic dementia, which inhibits communication. C. age-related deterioration of their sensory systems. D. interactions of the numerous medications they take.
C
Potentially life-threatening consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include: A. uterine rupture with severe bleeding. B. bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia. C. ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy. D. ovarian cysts and gonorrhea.
C
The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse.
C
The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are: nuchal cord and presentation of an arm or leg. limb presentation and severe vaginal hemorrhage. breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord. vertex presentation and delivery of the placenta.
C
The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are: activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness.
C
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration. 1 hour 30 seconds 1 minute 30 minutes
C
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by: eliminating toxic waste products from the body. retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium. removing sodium and water from the body. accommodating a large amount of blood volume.
C
The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it: A. pumps blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated. B. uses less oxygen than other chambers of the heart. C. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation. D. receives blood directly from the systemic circulation.
C
The parietal peritoneum lines the: retroperitoneal space. lungs and chest cavity. walls of the abdominal cavity. surface of the abdominal organs.
C
The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia: A. do not present with slurred speech or weakness to one side of the body. B. always take oral medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels. C. usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness. D. are typically alert and attempt to communicate with health care providers.
C
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the: left ventricle and inferior wall of the right atrium. left ventricle and posterior wall of the right ventricle. right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle. right atrium and posterior wall of the right ventricle.
C
The third stage of labor begins when the: A. umbilical cord has been clamped. B. placenta is fully delivered. C. baby is expelled from the vagina. D. cervix is completely dilated.
C
Two of the MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are: hypertension and swollen hands. watery eyes and localized itching. urticaria and angioedema. expiratory stridor and tachycardia.
C
Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should: A. leave the amniotic sac intact until arrival at the hospital. B. give the mother high-flow oxygen and transport at once. C. puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose. D. note the color of the amniotic fluid before breaking the sac.
C
What is the function of the left atrium? It receives oxygenated blood from the vena cava. It ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. It receives blood from the pulmonary arteries.
C
When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that: A. signs and symptoms of shock may be masked by the stimulant effects produced by alcohol. B. delirium tremens (DTs) are commonly induced by physical trauma and can lead to life-threatening seizures. C. internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot. D. long-bone fractures are likely because chronic alcohol consumption weakens the structure of the bones.
C
When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to: hold her breath. push for 30 seconds. take quick short breaths. rest and breathe deeply.
C
When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should: A. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. B. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. C. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. D. use a neonatal device for children younger than 12 months.
C
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose? BP, 190/90 mm Hg; pulse, 40 beats/min BP, 180/100 mm Hg; pulse, 50 beats/min BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min BP, 60/40 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min
C
Which of the following statements regarding suctioning of a newborn's mouth and oropharynx is correct? A. Suctioning should be performed on all newborns immediately following delivery. B. Newborns rapidly expel fluid from their lungs and do not require suctioning. C. Suctioning is indicated prior to cutting the cord if respiratory distress is present. D. If the head delivers face-down, the mouth and nose should be suctioned at once.
C
While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates: A. rapid swelling of the upper airway tissues. B. enlargement of the bronchioles in the lungs. C. narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs. D. a significant amount of fluid in the alveoli.
C
You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next? Clamp and cut the umbilical cord. Allow the mother to hold her baby. Check the pulse rate at the brachial artery. Begin assisting the newborn's breathing.
C
You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include: assisting the patient with his diabetic medication. performing a rapid exam and obtaining vital signs. applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min. administering one to two tubes of oral glucose.
C
Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience? A fall in blood pressure Pupillary constriction Dry mucous membranes Excessive lacrimation
C
Your patient's symptoms include high fever, cough, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Which of the following should you suspect? Whooping cough Influenza MERS-CoV Hepatitis B
C
ssessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should: reassess her blood pressure in 5 minutes. conclude that she has hypertension. obtain a manual blood pressure. prepare for immediate transport.
C
Which of the following an appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child? A. 12.5 g B. 50 g C. 20 g D. 25 g
C (1g per kg of body weight)
A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract. a weakened area develops in the aortic wall. the inner layers of the aorta become separated.
D
A functional disorder is a: A. psychological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality. B. psychological disorder caused by a structural abnormality. C. physiological disorder caused by a structural abnormality. D. physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality.
D
A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: A. bronchitis. B. epiglottitis. C. asthma. D. croup.
D
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.
D
After a baby is born, it is important to: cool the infant to stimulate effective breathing. immediately clamp and cut the umbilical cord. position it so that its head is higher than its body. ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed.
D
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: A. slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide. B. dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream. C. the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases. D. blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.
D
Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who: A. have weak immune systems. B. have uncontrolled diabetes. C. have a history of esophagitis. D. consume a lot of alcohol.
D
Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should: A. begin full resuscitation and transport. B. report the case to the medical examiner. C. dry the infant off to stimulate breathing. D. provide emotional support to the mother.
D
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: is a more contagious type of disease. leads to chronic infection after exposure. is less resistant to treatment. has a greater ability to produce disease.
D
In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for: A. an increase in her blood pressure. B. acute respiratory depression. C. a sudden outburst of violence. D. seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.
D
In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they: are usually fatal within 30 minutes of exposure. absorb slowly into the body, despite their potency. react with the blood, which increases their toxicity. are usually absorbed quickly into the body.
D
In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by: A. diarrhea. B. spontaneous rupture. C. muscular contraction. D. vomiting.
D
Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the: A. distance between the two AED pads on the chest. B. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body. C. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver. D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.
D
Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which: an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid damages the spinal cord. the spinal column is severely deformed, resulting in permanent paralysis. nerve fibers that arise from the spinal cord do not function properly. a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.
D
The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the: A. posterior tibial arteries. B. anterior tibial arteries. C. peroneal arteries. D. femoral arteries.
D
The main legal risk in using the AED is: A. not assessing for a pulse after a shock is delivered. B. negligence on the part of the manufacturer. C. failure of the AED's internal computer chip. D. failing to deliver a shock when one is needed.
D
Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? Depression Hepatitis B Alcoholism Blindness
D
When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse. radial carotid popliteal femoral
D
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for: respiratory distress. a febrile convulsion. an acute stroke. a seizure.
D
Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood? Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins
D
Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? A. Massive stroke B. Head trauma C. Brain tumor D. Poisoning
D
Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? A. A child's tongue is proportionately smaller than an adult's. B. The tracheal rings of a child are more rigid than an adult's. C. The child's epiglottis is less floppy and smaller than an adult's. D. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.
D
While obtaining an 12-lead ECG prior to ALS arrival, you note the presence of artifacts on the tracing. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this? A. The patient's pulse is irregular B. Abnormal cardiac electrical activity C. Incorrect placement of the leads D. Excessive movement of the patient
D
You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: insert a nasal airway and assist his breathing. request an ALS unit to respond to the scene. continue with your secondary assessment. prepare the patient for immediate transport.
D
When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking.
D.
During your assessment of a 70-year-old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has: A. severe hyperglycemia. B. hemophilia C. sickle-cell disease D. deep vein thrombosis.
D. (DVT is when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins in the body, usually in the legs)
