Endocrine system
Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ____.
Addison's disease
Thyroid gland
Calcitonin
adrenal cortex
Cortisone
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________.
Cushing's syndrome
adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
anterior pituitary gland
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Pancreas
Glucagon
adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is
Hormonal
Pancreas
Insulin
The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is:
Iodine
insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels
adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine
Hypothalamus
Oxytocin
parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The endocrine gland most clearly associated with the hypothalamus is the
Pituitary gland
glucocorticoids
Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors
antidiuretic hormone
Promotes reabsorption of only water by the kidneys
Growth hormone
Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
parathyroid hormone
Raises blood calcium levels
Hypothalamus
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using
The second-messenger system
thymus gland
Thymosin
The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the
Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine
Catecholamines are released by the ________.
adrenal medulla
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.
androgens
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.
anterior pituitary gland
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called
beta cells
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body:
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________
calcitonin and thyroid hormone
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT:
catalyze cyclic AMP
Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
cellular mutations occur
Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect?
cretinism
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?
decreased blood pressure
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ________.
diabetes mellitus
The thyroid gland is located
directly below the Adam's apple
Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?
endocrine system
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.
epinephrine
Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle?
estrogens and progesterone
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is _______
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
anterior pituitary gland
growth hormone
Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms?
high blood pressure and edema
Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called:
hormonal stimulus
Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________.
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.
insulin
Which hormone works against glucagon?
insulin
Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?
insulin
Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.
insulin and glucagon
Prostaglandins are
lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes
anterior pituitary gland
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?
maintenance of pregnancy
A hormone called __________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.
melatonin
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is:
melatonin
The pineal gland produces ________.
melatonin
Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?
moon face
Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone?
oxytocin
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland
parafollicular
Where is calcitonin made?
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the
parathyroid glands
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.
pituitary dwarfism
anterior pituitary gland
prolactin
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes:
promote the formation of sex cells
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to:
reabsorb sodium
Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
regulate salt content of the blood
Most hormones are
released upon stimulation by other hormones
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called:
renin
Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood.
sodium and potassium
Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone.
steroid
Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT:
stimulate growth of facial hair
tropic hormones
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________.
testosterone
A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.
thymosin
The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is ________.
thymosin
The body's major metabolic hormone is called:
thyroid hormone
Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine?
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
anterior pituitary gland
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
Hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
Alcohol suppresses the secretion of this hormone, ______, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)