Endocrine System

How does Diabetes cause homeostasis to "fail"?

Diabetes causes homeostasis to fail by disrupting the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels, which can lead to a variety of health problems.

What are some long term effects of high cortisol?

Long term effects of high cortisol levels can include: 1. Weight gain, especially in the abdominal area 2. High blood pressure 3. Increased risk of diabetes 4. Suppressed immune system 5. Poor memory and concentration 6. Mood swings and depression 7. Insomnia 8. Osteoporosis 9. Skin problems 10. Increased risk of heart disease

What is the fight or flight response?

a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

hormone production, internal chemical communication and coordination

What are the functions of glands?

lubricates the epidermis, excretes waste, assists in thermoregulation

What are the organs/glands involved in maintenance of blood sugar?

pancreas, liver, and small intestine.

What is the hormone cascade in the stress response?

1. Hypothalamus triggers the release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) 2. CRH stimulates the release of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland 3. ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands 4. Cortisol signals the body to prepare for a stressful situation (increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc.)

How is the HPT axis an example of negative feedback?

HPT axis is an example of negative feedback because it maintains homeostasis by inhibiting the further release of its hormones when the desired levels are reached.

What is the hormone cascade in the HPT axis?

HPT axis: Hypothalamus - releasing/inhibiting hormones -> Pituitary gland - releasing/inhibiting hormones -> Thyroid/adrenal gland - releasing hormones.

What are the functions of the HPT axis?

HPT axis: Regulate metabolism, reproduction and stress response.

What is the difference between hyper and hypothyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid, while hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid.

What is the difference between long term and short term stress responses?

Long term stress responses involve changes in the body that can last for weeks, months, or even years, such as increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and changes in the immune system. Short term stress responses involve changes in the body that occur quickly and last for only a few minutes or hours, such as increased heart rate and respiration, increased alertness, and increased muscle tension.

How does negative feedback regulate blood sugar?

Negative feedback helps regulate blood sugar by monitoring levels and releasing hormones that either increase or decrease glucose production.

How does negative feedback regulate the stress response?

Negative feedback is a mechanism that helps to regulate the stress response by providing feedback to the brain to dampen the stress response. The feedback occurs when the body releases hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline when the body is under stress. These hormones then act on receptors in the brain and other parts of the body to trigger a response. The response may be a decrease in heart rate, a decrease in blood pressure, or a decrease in the production of hormones associated with stress. This feedback loop helps to keep the stress response in check and prevents it from escalating too far.

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?

Nervous system uses electrical currents while the endocrine system uses chemical known as hormones

What is the hormone case involved when you have high or low blood sugar levels?

The hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels is insulin, which is produced by the pancreas.

What are the organs/glands involved in the stress response?

The organs and glands involved in the stress response are the adrenal glands, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the sympathetic nervous system.

What are the organs/glands involved in the HPT axis?

The organs/glands involved in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland. The hypothalamus produces a releasing hormone which stimulates the release of a hormone from the pituitary gland. This hormone then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones then exert a feedback on the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland to regulate the production and release of the hormones.

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? How do they affect the hormone cascade involved in blood sugar?

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease which affects the pancreas and results in insufficient insulin production, while Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which causes insulin resistance. Both types of Diabetes affect the hormone cascade involved in blood sugar regulation, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. Type 1 Diabetes results in inadequate insulin production, while Type 2 Diabetes results in insufficient insulin action.