Endocrine System Quiz Questions
Which of the following is NOT accomplished by the endocrine system?
coordination of rapid, precise interactions with the external environment
Which of the following hormones play a major role during the exhaustion stage of GAS?
cortisol
Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
heart
Secretions secreted by ductless glands are called:
hormones
Which of the following conditions could potentially result from hyposecretion of a hormone released by the portion of the marked gland in the diagram?
diabetes insipidus
As we age, the decrease of which hormone is associated with the loss of muscle tissue
human growth hormone
The type of hormone, such as a steroid, which passes directly through the cell membrane to nuclear receptors to cause changes in gene expression within the cell are known as
hydrophobic hormones
The fight or flight response is initiated by the
hypothalamus
With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO) you would expect to see
increased hematocrit
Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?
leptin
The fight-or-flight response produces all of the following except
dilation of vessels to the digestive organs
Secretions sent directly into the blood are called:
endocrine secretions
People under a great amount of chronic stress are no more prone to disease than those who are not.
false
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is primarily regulated by the pituitary gland.
false
When a hydrophilic hormone attaches to a G-protein receptor, it causes the G-protein to separate into AMP and calmodulin. Group of answer choices
false
Which of the following hormones promotes secretion of gastric juice and increases movements of the stomach?
gastrin
The following is a possible progression of which of the following disorders: Inadequate dietary iodine intake → low level of thyroid hormone in blood → increased TSH secretion → thyroid gland enlargement.
goiter
A condition characterized by excessive development of mammary glands in a male is called
gynecomastia
Most hormones use _____________ communication to carry out their "jobs" for the body.
negative feedback
Which is the name for a condition caused by hyposecretion of hGH during growth years?
pituitary dwarfism
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the
placenta
Hormones which cannot pass through the cell membrane must attach to ___ on the cell surface to affect the cell.
receptors
Cells affected by hormones are known as
target cells
What is not a function of the parathyroid glands?
decrease formation of vitamin D
Which of the following is not true of the prostaglandins?
decrease pain sensitivity
G-protein activates the amplifier protein adenylate cyclase in order to
-Multiply the effect of the single signal binding event. -Create Cyclic AMP. -Relay the signal from the hormone-receptor-binding.
Which of the following is a true statement in reference to melatonin?
-it is secreted by the pineal gland -it is a derivative of serotonin
An increase in the blood osmotic pressure will stimulate the release of
ADH
the patient shown is suffering from a disease called _____, caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.
Acromegaly
Which of the following hormones plays key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress
Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone
Which of the following endocrine disorders is the individual shown in this picture suffering from? ( swollen/ big throat)
Goiter
Which of the following is an abnormal condition of excess androgen secretion, observed primarily in women, that is characterized by the presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern?
Hirsutism
Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland aging effect?
Increase in thymus size
Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?
Myxedema
The disorder shown in one of the identical twins seen in this figure is due to a hypersecretion of hormones by which endocrine gland?
Pituitary gland
Age induced osteoporosis is thought to be the result of an increase in _________ and a decrease in ________ levels.
PTH, calcitonin
Which of the following statements regarding the stress response is correct?
The fight-or-flight response rapidly increases circulation, promotes ATP production and decreases nonessential activities. The fight-or-flight response begins with hypothalamic stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. The resistance reaction is initiated by releasing hormones of the hypothalamus and involves longer lasting reactions and acceleration of processes which produce ATP. Exhaustion results from depletion of body resources during the resistance stage.
Which of the following statements is true?
a carbohydrate-rich meal decreases glucagon secretion a carbohydrate-rich meal increases insulin secretion all of the statements are true a protein-rich meal increases glucagon secretion exercise will increase glucagon secretion
Leptin is a hormone produced by the
adipose tissue
The first reaction in any stress response is the _____ reaction.
alarm
The release of aldosterone, renin and ANH is to control
blood volume and blood pressure
Parafollicular or C cells produce the hormone
calcitonin
The steroid hormone, __________, is the active form of Vitamin D which aids in the absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. Group of answer choices
calcitriol
Hydrophobic hormones are derived from
cholesterol
Which of the following statements is not true about the thyroid gland?
the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine
When a hormone attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell a second messenger mechanism is activated with results in an "enzyme cascade" which means
the second messenger causes the activation of many enzymes which activate even more enzymes.
When hormones attach to nuclear receptors, the general result is
the synthesis of new proteins
Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the
thymus gland
Embarrassment can be as stressful to the body as a medical emergency.
true
Exhaustion is the final reaction in an extended stress response
true
Hormones produced by endocrine cells reach their intended recipients by traveling through the bloodstream.
true
In order for a hydrophobic hormone to travel through the bloodstream, it requires a hydrophilic carrier protein.
true
The male and female gonads are considered reproductive and endocrine organs.
true
Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex is matched correctly?
zona reticularis - synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)