Endocrine System Quiz Questions

Which of the following is NOT accomplished by the endocrine system?

coordination of rapid, precise interactions with the external environment

Which of the following hormones play a major role during the exhaustion stage of GAS?

cortisol

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

heart

Secretions secreted by ductless glands are called:

hormones

Which of the following conditions could potentially result from hyposecretion of a hormone released by the portion of the marked gland in the diagram?

diabetes insipidus

As we age, the decrease of which hormone is associated with the loss of muscle tissue

human growth hormone

The type of hormone, such as a steroid, which passes directly through the cell membrane to nuclear receptors to cause changes in gene expression within the cell are known as

hydrophobic hormones

The fight or flight response is initiated by the

hypothalamus

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO) you would expect to see

increased hematocrit

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

leptin

The fight-or-flight response produces all of the following except

dilation of vessels to the digestive organs

Secretions sent directly into the blood are called:

endocrine secretions

People under a great amount of chronic stress are no more prone to disease than those who are not.

false

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is primarily regulated by the pituitary gland.

false

When a hydrophilic hormone attaches to a G-protein receptor, it causes the G-protein to separate into AMP and calmodulin. Group of answer choices

false

Which of the following hormones promotes secretion of gastric juice and increases movements of the stomach?

gastrin

The following is a possible progression of which of the following disorders: Inadequate dietary iodine intake → low level of thyroid hormone in blood → increased TSH secretion → thyroid gland enlargement.

goiter

A condition characterized by excessive development of mammary glands in a male is called

gynecomastia

Most hormones use _____________ communication to carry out their "jobs" for the body.

negative feedback

Which is the name for a condition caused by hyposecretion of hGH during growth years?

pituitary dwarfism

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the

placenta

Hormones which cannot pass through the cell membrane must attach to ___ on the cell surface to affect the cell.

receptors

Cells affected by hormones are known as

target cells

What is not a function of the parathyroid glands?

decrease formation of vitamin D

Which of the following is not true of the prostaglandins?

decrease pain sensitivity

G-protein activates the amplifier protein adenylate cyclase in order to

-Multiply the effect of the single signal binding event. -Create Cyclic AMP. -Relay the signal from the hormone-receptor-binding.

Which of the following is a true statement in reference to melatonin?

-it is secreted by the pineal gland -it is a derivative of serotonin

An increase in the blood osmotic pressure will stimulate the release of

ADH

the patient shown is suffering from a disease called _____, caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.

Acromegaly

Which of the following hormones plays key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress

Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone

Which of the following endocrine disorders is the individual shown in this picture suffering from? ( swollen/ big throat)

Goiter

Which of the following is an abnormal condition of excess androgen secretion, observed primarily in women, that is characterized by the presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern?

Hirsutism

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland aging effect?

Increase in thymus size

Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?

Myxedema

The disorder shown in one of the identical twins seen in this figure is due to a hypersecretion of hormones by which endocrine gland?

Pituitary gland

Age induced osteoporosis is thought to be the result of an increase in _________ and a decrease in ________ levels.

PTH, calcitonin

Which of the following statements regarding the stress response is correct?

The fight-or-flight response rapidly increases circulation, promotes ATP production and decreases nonessential activities. The fight-or-flight response begins with hypothalamic stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. The resistance reaction is initiated by releasing hormones of the hypothalamus and involves longer lasting reactions and acceleration of processes which produce ATP. Exhaustion results from depletion of body resources during the resistance stage.

Which of the following statements is true?

a carbohydrate-rich meal decreases glucagon secretion a carbohydrate-rich meal increases insulin secretion all of the statements are true a protein-rich meal increases glucagon secretion exercise will increase glucagon secretion

Leptin is a hormone produced by the

adipose tissue

The first reaction in any stress response is the _____ reaction.

alarm

The release of aldosterone, renin and ANH is to control

blood volume and blood pressure

Parafollicular or C cells produce the hormone

calcitonin

The steroid hormone, __________, is the active form of Vitamin D which aids in the absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. Group of answer choices

calcitriol

Hydrophobic hormones are derived from

cholesterol

Which of the following statements is not true about the thyroid gland?

the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine

When a hormone attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell a second messenger mechanism is activated with results in an "enzyme cascade" which means

the second messenger causes the activation of many enzymes which activate even more enzymes.

When hormones attach to nuclear receptors, the general result is

the synthesis of new proteins

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the

thymus gland

Embarrassment can be as stressful to the body as a medical emergency.

true

Exhaustion is the final reaction in an extended stress response

true

Hormones produced by endocrine cells reach their intended recipients by traveling through the bloodstream.

true

In order for a hydrophobic hormone to travel through the bloodstream, it requires a hydrophilic carrier protein.

true

The male and female gonads are considered reproductive and endocrine organs.

true

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex is matched correctly?

zona reticularis - synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)