Endocrine/Sensory/Blood V.5

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, which number indicates the layer containing water, plasma proteins, nutrients, and waste products? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. None of the answers is correct.

A. 1

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is _______ in plasma than in interstitial fluid. A. higher B. lower C. the same

A. higher

Congenital hemolytic anemia is A. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal. B. when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake. C. caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B12. D. characterized by a large number of immature, nucleated cells. E. characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow.

A. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units. A. heme B. globin C. iron D. calcium E. None of these answers is correct.

B. globin

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called A. leukopenia. B. hemopoiesis. C. leukocytosis. D. erythroblastosis. E. agglutination.

B. hemopoiesis

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes A. are actually dead. B. lack a nucleus and organelles. C. have lots of inclusion molecules. D. are not red. E. can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

B. lack a nucleus and organelles

Blood is correctly classified as a(n) A. organ. B. tissue. C. organ system. D. intracellular fluid.

B. tissue

____________ is the attraction of leukocytes to a site of infection due to the presence of molecules released by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens.

Chemotaxis

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the A. eosinophils. B. basophils. C. lymphocytes. D. neutrophils. E. monocytes.

D. neutrophils

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? A. Regulation B. Protection C. Prevention D. Transportation

D. transportation

Which is going to result in significant agglutination? A. Donor is Type A and recipient has antibody anti-B B. Donor is Type B and recipient has antibody anti-A C. Donor is Type O and recipient is Type O D. Donor is Type A and recipient is Type AB E. Donor is Type AB and recipient is Type B

E. Donor is Type AB and recipient is Type B

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes A. a, b, c B. b, d, e C. a, b, e, f D. c, d E. a, b, e

E. a, b, e

Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line? A. Neutrophils B. Basophils and eosinophils C. Lymphocytes and monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

E. neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

The process of erythrocyte production is called _______________.

Erythropoiesis

If your body temperature is 37ºC, then your blood temperature will be about 36ºC.

False

The antigen-antibody reaction is an example of the regulation function of blood.

False

The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive.

False

The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide is higher in blood than in interstitial fluid.

False

Fibrin, which is produced from the plasma protein _______________, helps form blood clots.

Fibrinogen

__________ are the most numerous type of leukocyte in the blood.

Neutrophils

A _______________ (singular) is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.

Rouleau

__________ is the name used for a systemic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins through the circulating blood.

Septicemia

An abnormally small number of platelets in circulating blood is termed _________________.

Thrombocytopenia

During hemopoiesis, the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only.

True

Erythrocytes exhibit a limited lifespan due to their inability to synthesize the proteins necessary to repair themselves

True

Globulins make up the second largest group of plasma proteins.

True

Macrophages are the converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria, cell fragments, dead cells, and debris.

True

Simply put, antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.

True

The ABO and Rh blood types are inherited independently of each other.

True

The GM-CSF growth factor accelerates the formation of all granulocytes and monocytes from their progenitor cells.

True

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is higher in plasma than in interstitial fluid.

True

Unused platelets last about 8 to 10 days before they are broken down and their contents recycled.

True

If the blood pH falls below 7.4 to 7.0, a condition called _____________ results and the central nervous system is depressed.

acidosis

The binding of antibodies in the blood plasma to their corresponding surface antigens on the erythrocyte plasma membrane is called _____________.

agglutination

Surface antigens found on erythrocytes are also called _____________ based on the response initiated when they interact with antibodies.

agglutinogens

Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains

beta

The heme group from the phagocytized erythrocyte is converted into a green pigment called ________________.

biliverdin

The dark bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane as a result of deficient oxygenation of the blood is called _______________.

cyanosis

Movement of leukocytes between the endothelial blood vessel cells into the body tissues is called _____________.

diapedesis

Because it is found outside of (rather than within) cells, plasma is considered to be an _______________ fluid

extracellular

The percentage of the volume of all formed elements in the blood is called the _______________

hematocrit

The process of hemopoiesis starts with hemopoietic stem cells called ________________.

hemocytoblasts

The molecule to which both oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach in an erythrocyte is called _________________.

hemoglobin

The presence of hemoglobin in the urine is called ________________.

hemoglobinuria

The rupture of erythrocytes is called ____________.

hemolysis

The general name of the molecules given to an Rh negative individual to prevent the formation of Rh antibodies is ___________.

immunoglobulins

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the _______________ to increase the rate of production and maturation of erythrocyte progenitor and erythroblast cells.

kidney

A reduced number of leukocytes causes a serious disorder called ____________.

leukopenia

The production of leukocytes is called _______________.

leukopoiesis

When a finger is pricked, the blood will stop flowing shortly because of the action of the formed elements called ______________.

platelets

The production of platelets is called _______________.

thrombopoiesis

The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.

transferrin

A person with erythrocytes that have surface antigen A, but not surface antigen B, is said to have type _________ blood.

A

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, number 2 indicates A. erythrocytes. B. plasma. C. leukocytes. D. platelets. E. leukocytes and platelets.

A. erythrocytes

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate A. the wrong blood type was used. B. the recipient had type AB blood. C. there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood. D. the donor had type O blood.

A. the wrong blood type was used

The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the A. eosinophil. B. basophil. C. monocyte. D. lymphocyte. E. neutrophil.

C. monocyte

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A. Regulation B. Prevention C. Protection D. Transportation

C. protection

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. A. 25 B. 35 C. 45 D. 55 E. 75

D. 55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight? A. 1% B. 25% C. 46% D. 92% E. 98%

D. 92%

An individual's hematocrit is dependent on his or her A. age. B. sex. C. altitude. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. all of the choices are correct

M-CSF is a growth factor that stimulates the production of monocytes from myeloblast cells.

False

When viewing a centrifuged blood sample, the erythrocytes will be on the top

False

Making up two to four percent of the leukocytes, the ___________ increase in number when they react to or phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes or allergens.

eosinophils

Among the three categories of lymphocytes, it is the _____________ killer cells that attack abnormal and infected tissue cells.

natural

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. A. 10 B. 30 C. 60 D. 120 E. 360

B. 120

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins. A. 58 B. 37 C. 4 D. 1 E. 85

B. 37

How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6 E. 8

C. 4

Which type of leukocyte increases in number because of the presence of an allergen? A. Basophil B. Lymphocyte C. Eosinophil D. Neutrophil E. Monocyte

C. Eosinophils

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the A. globulins. B. endocrine hormones. C. albumins. D. fibrinogens. E. prothrombins.

C. albumins

T-cells are a category of A. eosinophils. B. basophils. C. lymphocytes. D. neutrophils. E. monocytes.

C. lymphocytes

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group A. a, c B. b, c, e C. a, d, e D. b, e E. a, e

D. b, e

The iron that has been transferred to the liver after the aged erythrocytes were phagocytized is stored by the protein _______________.

ferritin

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B A. b, c, d, f B. a, c, d, f C. a, d, f D. b, c, f E. a, c, f

D. b, c, f

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets from myeloid stem cells is A. EPO B. M-CSF C. G-CSF D. Multi-CSF E. GM-CSF

D. multi-CSF

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the A. eosinophil. B. basophil. C. lymphocyte. D. neutrophil. E. monocyte.

D. neutrophil

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis? a: Proerythroblast b: Normoblast c: Myeloid stem cell d: Reticulocyte e: Erythroblast f: Mature erythrocyte A. c, a, e, b, d, f B. a, b, c, e, d, f C. a, c, d, b, e, f D. c, b, a, d, e, f E. c, a, b, e, d, f

A. c, a, e, b, d, f

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are A. found on the surface of erythrocytes. B. found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes. C. located on the surface of the leukocytes. D. located in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes. E. part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

A. found on the surface of erythrocytes

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to A. increase the viscosity of the blood. B. decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. C. decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. D. increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. E. increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A. increase the viscosity of the blood

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 16

B. 4

Which are characteristic of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A. a, b, c B. a, b, e C. b, c, e D. b, c, d E. c

B. a, b, e

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is stored in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged. A. a, b, c, e, f B. a, c, d, f C. a, b, c, g D. c, d, g E. c, e, g

B. a, c, d, f

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules A. a, b, c, d B. b, c, e C. b, c, d, e D. a, b, c, d, e E. a, b, e

B. b, c, e

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the A. eosinophil. B. basophil. C. lymphocyte. D. neutrophil. E. monocyte.

B. basophil

Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the A. eosinophils. B. basophils. C. monocytes. D. lymphocytes. E. neutrophils.

B. basophils

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely A. increase. B. decrease. C. not change.

B. decrease

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will A. increase. B. decrease.

B. decrease

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to A. oxygen. B. carbon dioxide. C. nitrogen. D. both oxygen and carbon dioxide. E. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

D. both oxygen and carbon dioxide

_______________ is a growth factor that stimulates both the production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and the subsequent formation of platelets.

Thrombopoietin

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3? A. Leukocytes and platelets B. Plasma and water C. Erythrocytes D. Plasma, water, waste materials, and electrolytes E. Leukocytes and waste materials

A. leukocytes and platelets

Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets? A. They are not very numerous. B. They have multiple nuclei. C. Their plasma membrane is irregularly shaped. D. They are smaller than erythrocytes. E. They have no nucleus.

E. they have no nucleus

Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen by cells called ________________.

macrophages

Platelets are continually produced in the red bone marrow by cells called _____________.

megakaryocytes

The maintenance of a blood pH of about 7.4 and correct fluid levels are part of the _____________ function of blood

regulation

At the ______________ stage during erythropoiesis the cell has lost all organelles except some ribosomes, but it continues to produce hemoglobin.

reticulocyte

When the proteins are removed from plasma, the remaining fluid is called _____________.

serum

The difference in concentration of various constituents in the plasma and interstitial fluid ensures that the constituents will A. be able to chemically react at the appropriate place. B. be able to diffuse through the capillary wall. C. remain in their respective locations. D. require an active transport mechanism to move.

B. be able to diffuse through the capillary wall

Among the constituents of plasma, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions are classified as A. nutrients. B. respiratory gases. C. wastes. D. electrolytes. E. None of these choices is correct.

D. electrolytes

The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of A. platelets and leukocytes. B. leukocytes. C. platelets. D. erythrocytes. E. erythrocytes and leukocytes.

A. platelets and leukocytes

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the A. liver. B. spleen. C. lung. D. liver and spleen. E. spleen and lung.

D. liver and spleen

The cytoplasm of an erythrocyte has numerous molecules called surface antigens that may elicit an antibody attack under the right conditions.

False