Endrocrine/ Hormones

Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include ________.

LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH

Besides adult muscle and bone, what other body organ is a major target for human growth hormone (hGH)?

Liver

__________ form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

Pancreatic islets

Hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to ________.

diabetes mellitus

An __________ gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid, from which it enters the blood.

endocrine

The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels. __________

glucagon

These hormones are produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. They help the body resist long-term stressors.

glucocorticoids

The function of this hormone is to stimulate growth, particularly of long bones and muscle.

growth hormone

In addition to endocrine glands, some organs whose functions are primarily nonendocrine also produce hormones. These endocrine tissues include ________ and ________.

heart and kidneys

Graves' disease, characterized by high metabolic rate, weight loss, irregular heart rate, and protrusion of the eyeballs is caused by ________.

hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

The pituitary gland, also known as the __________, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

hypophysis

Blood borne factors (e.g. ions, glucose, amino acids) cause the release of all of these hormones except ________.

hyposecretion of ADH

Connected by a stalk called the infundibulum, this region of the brain is intimately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones.

hypothalamus

Which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland?

only PTH

Action potentials from hypothalamic neurons cause the release of this hormone.

oxytocin

This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother.

oxytocin

Hypersecretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones, and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones.

parathyroid hormone

This hormone is the major controller of blood calcium on a day-to-day basis.

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin, a hormone made by this gland, controls our diurnal (daily) cycle.

pineal

This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces the hormone melatonin.

pineal

What gland makes growth hormone?

pituitary

Hormones released from this gland include ADH and oxytocin.

posterior pituitary

The hormone glucagon ________.

raises blood glucose

These hormones pass through the hypophyseal portal system to act on cells of the anterior pituitary gland.

releasing or inhibiting hormones

All of the following conditions would stimulate the pancreas to release insulin EXCEPT one. Which one?

sympathetic activation

This gland is rather large in an infant, begins to atrophy at puberty, and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the __________ gland.

thymus

The __________ gland is composed of two lobes and located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx.

thyroid

This gland produces the hormone calcitonin.

thyroid

Cretinism, a condition characterized by mental retardation in children, is caused by deficiency of ________.

thyroid hormone

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three areas. Which one produces aldosterone?

zona glomerulosa

Which cells of the pancreas produce insulin?

beta cells

Pituitary gland tumors can secrete excess amounts of growth hormone. Which of the following is not a symptom of hypersecretion of growth hormone?

Elevated metabolic rate

Tumors of the adrenal medulla, called pheochromocytomas, cause hypersecretion of catecholamines. Which of the following is not a symptom of this tumor?

Flushed (reddened) skin

Which of the cell types would secrete their product if the blood glucose level was rising, as during digestion of a meal?

beta cells

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

True

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

True

Growth hormone and prolactin are produced by these anterior pituitary cells.

acidophil cells

This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. It's inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine.

adrenal

This adrenal cortex hormone is involved in regulation of salt and water balance.

aldosterone

The adrenal cortex produces the hormones ________.

aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

Which of the cell types would secrete their product if the body was under stress, as during an intense workout?

alpha cells

Hypersecretion of ________ results in increased urinary output and dehydration.

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)