ENG 226 Final

William Butler Yeats Easter

- "terrible beauty" bc of the price they paid for their independence discusses the aftermath of the Easter Rising, or Easter Rebellion, of April 24, 1916, when Irish nationalists staged an insurrection against British rule. On Easter Monday, 1600 Volunteers and Civilian Army members took positions around Dublin, headquartering in the General Post Office. After six days, the revolt was crushed, and the leaders were executed in early May. -Yeats reflecting on the Irish Easter uprising against the British Empire-He struggles with what to think of it, but realizes that the people who died were braver than himself-He respects that they made a sacrifice for what they believed in-This event will change Ireland and history forever: "A terrible beauty is born"

William Blake Songs of Experience Introduction

- Blake is asking people to return imagination from materialism and for people to awaken from slumber and stop focusing on material things

Percy Shelley Mont Blanc

- Shelley found a personal connection with the mountain, and it causes his mind to wander and question things such as life and death and the "everlasting universe of things" when he realizes that the mountain will be around far long after humans have died - the mountain represents an extremely emotional and powerful force -1- observing nature, humans gain splendor from the natural world2- describes mountain itself, it is huge and sublime, dizzying, too big for thought to capture it, nature is too strong3. nature will always outlive man, nature is too strong4. nature's spirit is in the mountain- filled with welcome ad silent solitude Imagination- His ability and desire to treat the mountain as a person (personification) because it is too big to take in otherwise shows his creativity Emotions-The mountain represents an extremely emotional and powerful force.

John Keats

- brother and mother died of tuberculosis -knew he was going to die of it when he coughed up blood in 1920 - conflicts between reality and imagination and death and mortality

William Blake Songs of Innocence - The Chminey Sweeper

- children are chimney-sweepers during the industrial revolution. - the poem gives readers a loss of innocence and fa eeling of pity towards children -expresses how angry Blake is with the Ind Rev and how children and being treated - the church gives a false perception that children are happy doing these things - children are underfed orphans - only real escape is death "wash in the river and shine in the Sun" - sun capitalized reference son of God - the promise of an afterlife is hope and relief

William Blake Songs of Experience The Chimney Sweeper

- contrast of the same poem in Songs Of Innocence with darker imagery and tone - church allows the children to live in poverty - parents think they're off the hook and are good parents because the children seem happy -parents are at the church praying and rejoicing to God

Great War & Modernism literary period

- focus on subject matter and form, rational - protest against the state of society - stream of consciousness writing - Broke from Victorian ideas -War defined the generation, because so many young men died and so many were wounded or otherwise scarred by war. -Many British poets struggled with what they experienced versus what the public at home learned about warfare.

John Keats Lamia

- highly descriptive language that leaves you up in the air and not sure what Lamia's intentions are - iambic pentameter couplets - Lamia is a mythical creature that is part snake and part woman. She really wants a human body so she can have sex Hermes- looking for someone he has never met before and wants to fall in love - both characters have a clear desire for sexual relations but not for each other -says that passionate love is an illusion and an enchantment, ultimately destructive -feels sympathy for the snake woman even though she deceived everyone -can be regarded as a warning against the all-absorbing nature of illusory, passionate love and a recognition of the claims of reason.

Percy Shelley, "Ozymandias"

- humans are insignificant to time - Art and language outlast people -met traveler who told him story about the ruins of a statue in the desert of his native country -it was an arrogant and passionate face, one a great king and civilization but history destroyed it "Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed; And on the pedestal, these words appear: My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away."

Percy Shelley England in 1819

- inspired by a massacre - published in 1839 after the reform bill was passed in 1832 - urges passive, nonviolent protests "An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying King; Princes, the dregs of their dull race, who flow Through public scorn,—mud from a muddy spring; Rulers who neither see nor feel nor know, But leechlike to their fainting country cling Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow. A people starved and stabbed in th' untilled field; An army, whom liberticide and prey Makes as a two-edged sword to all who wield; Golden and sanguine laws which tempt and slay; Religion Christless, Godless—a book sealed; A senate, Time's worst statute, unrepealed— Are graves from which a glorious Phantom may Burst, to illumine our tempestuous day. The King is old, blind, and crazy. The princes are "dregs of their dull race." -king and princes are unable, and are draining the country -the people are oppressed, hungry, and hopeless, there are useless laws -army is corrupt and dangerous -religion is morally degenerate liberty could be won through revolution just like in France -hope of positivity

T.S. Eliot "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

- loss of identity, loneliness, aging, and existential meaning -The title begins with contrast between romance and perfectly average name, and the contrast continues into the poem. Poem seems fragmented because it jumps, almost like real thoughts, from idea to idea. The poem follows the narrator's thoughts in stream of consciousness fashion. Prufrock is limited by how he imagines the world around him and its response to him. -Details Prufrock's emotional distance from the world-Highlights his deep insecurities in social settings, as he is extremely self-conscious of his looks and his growing age-Nervous to talk to women, thinks everyone will judge him, has extreme anxiety-He overanalyzes social situations, predicts the outcome before they happen

William Wordsworth

- wrote in common language to be able to connect to the masses - believed that the closer we are to nature the more pure life we have - uses his work to try and tell people moving to cities from the country to try and stay connected to nature -living in the country to Wordsworth led to a more honest, true, full, and pure life.

Romantic literary period

-1785 century to 1832 -French Revolution - 1789 - First reform bill - 1832 - Abolition of slavery in Britain - 1833 -A reaction against an over use on reason after the Enlightenment -Romantic writers examined their own feelings and emotions with curiosity, imagination and creativity - feelings of how the world affects us and our imagination - Strong inspiration from nature, Medieval writings and ruins of past societies -supernatural - written in blank verse -"I think therefore I am"

Percy Shelley To Wordsworth

-A eulogy to William Wordsworth who is still alive -Shelley is accusing wordsworth of betraying his ideals -Wordsworth deserted "truth and liberty" and shifted his ideals and became more conservative. By doing so left Shelley to grieve as Wordsworth "shouldst cease to be". -Shelley refrences Wordsworth's Poem "London 1802" that Wordsworth wrote to the dead poet George Milton he admired. By referencing "London 1802" specifically builds on the message that Wordsworth is as good as dead to Shelley "Thou wert as a lone star, whose light did shine" is this allusion to "London 1802" where Wordsworth refers to Milton, "Thy soul was like a star"(357) -The star refers to the influence that Milton had on Wordsworth. By Shelley saying that Wordsworth is no longer the "lone star" alludes to the death of the poet symbolically but also the end of the influence Wordsworth had as a poet. His influence ended too early, as did his life -Shelley creates the assumption of suicide because it was Wordsworth choice to betray his ideals and suicide is in fact also a choice

John Keats - "La Belle Dame sans Merci"

-Ballad-like with simple structure -first three stanzas are in one voice and the last few lines are the Knights response - is the fairy lady a femme fatale? (temptress) - the knight lost his ideal lady and does not want to return to reality -the knight is dreaming of the fairy lady -this poem is about the dangers of obsession -"The poet meets a knight by a woodland lake in late autumn. The man has been there for a long time and is evidently dying. The knight says he met a beautiful, wild-looking woman in a meadow. He visited with her and decked her with flowers. She did not speak, but looked and sighed as if she loved him. He gave her his horse to ride, and he walked beside them. He saw nothing but her, because she leaned over in his face and sang a mysterious song. She spoke a language he could not understand, but he was confident she said she loved him. He kissed her to sleep, and fell asleep himself. He dreamed of a host of kings, princes, and warriors, all pale as death. They shouted a terrible warning -- they were the woman's slaves. And now he was her slave, too. Awakening, the woman was gone, and the knight was left on the cold hillside. Two different versions: (wight is the OE word for man)."

William Wordsworth Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways

-Before the Industrial Revolution, society was based heavily on agriculture, which embodies nature as a whole -Now, the appearance of man-made technologies threatens the "old poetic feeling" that was once there -Torn between accepting these advances and rejection them Wordsworth considers the steamboats, viaducts and railways that now litter the English countryside as inconsequential in the presence of Nature -Angry tone.

World War I poets Wilfred Owen Dulce Et Decorum Est

-Describes death by poisonous gas in war-Details a soldier's memory of his friend's death in war and how it still affects him as he replays it in his dreams-Details war's mental and physical affects on soldiers-Uses descriptive language and imagery to describe the death in detail "In all my dreams before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning."

Victorian literary period

-Gender roles/women's rights, Social status and class -the poor and privileged of England -obsessed with class and superficial -the role of the artist, particularly the poet -nationalism: England v. Italy -Stressed moral responsibility,

William Blake Songs of Innocence - Holy Thursday

-Holy Thursday comes during Easter Week, or Holy Week, in the Anglican and Catholic traditions. -Blake associates the children as being close to God, so close that they are heavenly and radiant. -The children are portrayed as innocent and compared to lambs, as Jesus Christ was, which is in stark contrast with the aged men. -people lose innocence as they grow old?

Robert Browning Porphyria's Lover

-Insane, evil man kills a woman who had come to sleep with him -Kills her by strangling her with her "yellow" hair -The man feels no remorse for his actions, and lays and admires her dead body -the man's descriptions of the woman's impurity -Yellow hair= sickness and impurity -Soiled gloves= impure and tainted What do we make of Porphyria's lover? Is he the victim, or is Porphyria? How we understand the poem determined by whether we believe the narrator. -Dramatic monologue- narrator describes the setting and tells us stage directions like a short play- uses only the words of the narrator

William Wordsworth London 1802

-Lament of the state of London and a eulogy to John Milton -calls out his countrymen to do better -wants to return to the national glory England once had -uses nature imagery even though its about the state of London and Milton's talent. This is a characteristic of Romantic literature to use a strong influence from nature - Nature was the most important to Wordsworth and it shows how much he respected Milton -England needed a savior and he wanted Milton to return virtue back to England

Alfred Tennyson, "Ulysses"

-Odysseus reflecting on his past travels and adventures as a soldier and sailor -Bored staying home with his wife, he knows there's more to life -He yearns for new experiences -Tennyson is coming to terms with the loss of a loved one because this was written right after his friend Henry Hallam passed away -Tennyson takes the legend and well-known character Ulysseus from Homer's epics the Iliad and the Odyssey and repurposes Homer's story to process and explore his own feelings over the death of his friend. -Ulysseus is not ready to retire and grow old and be an idle king he knows there is still so much more to life. This is Tennyson's emotions after his friend passed away. He now has this urge like Ulysseus' to not stay stagnant and a drive to make the most of out life before it's too late. - using the hero of Ulysseus to show Tennyson's emotions makes heros more relatable and shows that even they struggle with life's challenges of worrying and aging and death. -What makes a hero a hero to people is the idea of hope and possibility to be like them. A role model we look up to and aspire to be like depending on the ambitions and values they symbolize. -"How dull it is to pause, to make an end, To rust unburnished, not to shine in use! As though to breathe were life! Life piled on life Were all too little, and of one to me little remains; but every hour is saved from that eternal silence, something more, a bringer of new things; and vile it were"(Tennyson 157). -"Come, my friends, tis not too late to seek a newer world. Push off, and sitting well in order smite the sounding furrows; for my purpose holds to sail beyond the sunset, and the baths of all the western stars, until I die"(Tennyson 158) -"And this gray spirit yearning in desire to follow knowledge like a sinking star""I cannot rest from travel"

Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Eolian Harp

-References his wife Sarah and uses the image of a white jasmine flower to depict innocence. Coleridge compares music and silence with nature. Everything is connected in some way shape or form -Seems like a love ballad at first but he is appreciating nature -compares the music from the harp to nature and comes up with the idea that the musical inspiration and creativity comes from outside the harp, just as the inspiration for a poet comes from nature -Coleridge uses rich, detailed language to capture the beauty of nature. He credits God for many of the good things in his life, including Sarah

William Blake Songs of Experience Holy Thursday

-The narrator asks how a land created by God can be considered holy if young children are in agony and poverty -the land cannot be holy because it is a land occupied by those who are suffering "eternal winter" there

William Blake Songs of Experience London

-This poem has no twin in Songs of Innocence -The streets of London are not free - they are controlled by corporate entities which by extension control the people too, society oppresses all of those who live in it- church is full of sin-gov to blame for soldiers death-People are imposing their order upon nature -The systems of control - religious, social, economic and political / monarchical - which keep the people in a state of sufferation -Inspired by French and American Revolutions/ independence movements.

William Wordsworth I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud

-This poem is about imagination -The memory of the daffodils reappears to Wordsworth when he's home on his couch, when he in a "vacant" mood-not thinking about anything -The speaker remains alone throughout the piece, but the sight of the golden daffodils acts as a sort of aesthetic fulfillment, which transports the speaker from loneliness to "the bliss of solitude."

Alfred Tennyson Charge Of the Light Brigade

-a Romantic style of writing with his portrayal of war "Into the jaws of death" (Tennyson 221) with biblical connotations implying the bravery and sacrifice for the nation What makes a hero, the different kinds of heros that exist, and how important heroes are to society -mourning the brave British soldiers who sacrificed their lives in the Crimean War. -Boosted English nationalism, painted men as heroes even though they lost -considered them heroes because of their absolute bravery and loyalty to sacrifice their lives. -Tennyson asks this rhetorical question because their glory and the glorious deed of the brave fight the soldiers fought will always be remembered by Britain The world was left in wonder over the achievement and bravery that the six hundred soldiers displayed. -In this poem Tennyson's idea of heroism is the brave soldiers who sacrificed their lives and illustrated their importance to society be their loyalty to fight and protect their country.

Mary Wollonstone Croft Shelley Frankenstein

-a horror story about what happens when one man's desire for scientific discovery and immortality goes horribly wrong—and what happens to society's outcasts -The Modern Prometheus -Prometheus stole fire from the gods, and he also created man from clay. Frankenstein also creates life, taking on the role of a god, and like Prometheus he is punished—but by his creation. -Major themes include the allure of ambition and fame, the dangers of obsession, and coming to terms with life and death. -"The summer months passed while I was thus engaged, heart and soul, in one pursuit. It was a most beautiful season; never did the fields bestow a more plentiful harvest, or the vines yield a more luxuriant vintage: but my eyes were insensible to the charms of nature. And the same feelings which made me neglect the scenes around me caused me also to forget those friends who were so many miles absent, and whom I had not seen for so long a time."(Shelley)"

Post Modernism literary period

-blends literary genres and styles - intense conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland -Post 1950s, marked by Cold War -Erases boundaries between classes

Elizabeth Barrett Browning "Aurora Leigh"

-combines the genres of a poem and a novel as it traces the young Aurora journey to establish herself as a professional female poet with the 18th century struggles of female empowerment -Aurora challenges society's expectation of women to long for marriage -Her aunt tried to condition her to become a good homemaker/wife; Aurora despised it -She sees her vocation as a poet, not a wife -She denies a marriage proposal from Romney, gets angry and yells at him for expecting her to say yes Aurora's consistent rejection of falling into the conformity of the traditional role of women is what fuels her commitment and desire to be a professional poet -Browning raises the question of women's education and the importance of women's rights to work.

William Blake Songs of Innocence The Lamb

-didactic poem consisting of two stanzas that each have five rhyming couplets to create a song-like reading -Uses simple language from the dialogue between a child and a lamb -begins with the simple question "Little Lamb, who made thee?" the child repeatedly asks the lamb throughout the first stanza if he knows who made him. ---the question shows the curiosity and naiveness of a child but the simple question also taps into the deep idea about origins and the idea of creation -The lamb symbolizes childlike wonder, innocence, and God -"The Lamb and "The Tyger" are one example of how Blake illustrates the journey from childlike innocence to worldly experience as growing from a lamb to a tiger

Anna Letita Barbauld Washing Day

-female empowerment poem - talks about how how awful the daily life of women was doing household chores comparing them to riding into battle -mock epic -brings women of all social classes together because they all are united in their femininity on laundry days

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan

-introspection through an opium-induced dream -Coleridge is using stirring imagery in order to try and convey the amazing scale and power of what Kubla Khan created in his empire -Romanticism heavily emphasises the sublime and overpowering presence of Nature, both as background to the narration or as a theme itself. -Coleridge woke and was in the process of writing down this poem that he recalled from his dream, that he was interrupted by someone/something. This interruption that took Coleridge away from his work disrupted his memory of the beautiful dream -In the end, Coleridge withdraws from from his vision of Paradise "But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchanted As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover! And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething, As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing, A mighty fountain momently was forced: Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail, Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail: And mid these dancing rocks at once and ever It flung up momently the sacred river. Five miles meandering with a mazy motion Through wood and dale the sacred river ran, Then reached the caverns measureless to man, And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean; And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far Ancestral voices prophesying war! The shadow of the dome of pleasure Floated midway on the waves; Where was heard the mingled measure From the fountain and the caves. It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice! " A damsel with a dulcimer In a vision once I saw: It was an Abyssinian maid And on her dulcimer she played, Singing of Mount Abora. Could I revive within me Her symphony and song, To such a deep delight 'twould win me, That with music loud and long, I would build that dome in air, That sunny dome! those caves of ice! And all who heard should see them there, And all should cry, Beware! Beware! His flashing eyes, his floating hair! Weave a circle round him thrice, And close your eyes with holy dread For he on honey-dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise.

William Blake

-recurring themes of good and evil, heaven and hell, knowledge and innocence, and external reality versus inner -Going against common conventions of the time -believed in sexual and racial equality and justice for all

Christina Rossetti Goblin Market

-relates female sexuality to Victorian morality -Victorian morality is based on set values that supported chastity, zero tolerance of criminal activity and a strict code of conduct for a society -During the Victorian era women had many restrictions and female sexuality or pleasure was sinful and forbidden. -main theme is temptation, specifically the temptation of the forbidden fruit, which refers to the biblical story of Adam and Eve -The forbidden fruit refers to female sexuality and the goblins in the poem represent men -Story about how women could not succumb to men's sexual pressures or else they risked their reputation in society -By Rossetti not comparing female sexuality with sin in "Goblin Market", goes against the conventional Victorian morality with its unrealistic and unfair standards for women to promote a reform for social acceptance

William Blake Songs of Experience The Tyger

-reveals the darker side of creation after innocence is lost through experience or even adult corruption -reiterates the same question of "what immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry?" -Questioning how such a ferocious and evil beast can be made by the same creator as the gentle lamb

William Wordsworth The World is too much With Us

-society places too much focus on the material world, and it consumes people. -Wordsworth portrays a rift between humans and the natural world. we no longer have a feeling towards the natural beauty that is around us and it no longer affects people as it should - materialistic culture is relentless and unchecked (winds all hours//sorid boom"world is too overwhelming to appreciate it, consumed with owning but can't own nature -All the intimate, silent moments of nature are lost on modern humanity. Wordsworth is saying that the world and nature does not stir our emotions anymore; we couldn't care less about the beauty around us -rather be a religious and social outcast than not intune with nature

William Blake Songs of Innocence Introduction

-speaker is playing pipe and sees child on a cloud (vision of an angel?) -writing "happy songs every child may joy to hear" all of his works though do not just focus on innocent and happy world, but also injustices evil and suffering .-"Child" could not just reference to actual children, but a biblical sense of all children of God.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Christabel

-unfinished poem that questions the role of women in society, homosexuality, and religion - written in tetrameter -In the first part of the Poem Geraldine is the more weak and passive of the two female characters. She is too tired to speak which maintains her ambiguity or supernatural characteristics -Geraldine is raped and then found by Christabel. She cast a spell on Christabel where she cant speak but Geraldine is still pitied and only Christabel knows that she is evil -Sir Leoline (father of Christabel) feels conflicted between granting the wishes of his child and being kind to his old friend's daughter (Geradaline) -geradaline seen as snake tempting in garden of eden she represents impurity and evil, dressed in white to represent innocence but is not -juxtaposing seen in christobels bed where they are praying, sin and sexuality overtake devoutness and purity -spell is casted on to christabel, after recovery she has still been transformed, she went from selfless to selfish, and tried to get her farther to take geradaline away from her -suggests power of the natural world

Victorian Poets

Alfred Tennyson Robert Browning Elizabeth Browning Christina Rossetti & Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Gothic Poets

Anna Letita Barbauld Charlotte Smith Felicia Hemans Jane Austen Matthew Gregory Mary Wollenstonecroft Shelley

World War I poets - Rupert Brooke - The Soldier

Brooke's takes a different approach in tone and focuses on the ideals of nation being the lasting effects of war. The nation of England is the main focus of this poem "If I should die, think only this of me: that there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England" (Brooke 139). The thought that after war something eternal still remains in the soil of the land that once was because of the people that inhabited and defended it Rupert Brooke-Poem about death in war and English patriotism-Focuses on the lasting impact of soldiers and their peaceful afterlife under an "English heaven" rather than the brutality of their deaths and suffering-Romanticizes war and glorifies England "If I should die, think only this of me:That there's some corner of a foreign fieldThat is for ever England."

Angela Carter's "The Company of Wolves"

First three pages offer folktale-style advice about wolves, covering the wolfsong werewolves. This advice give specific examples of women "from up the valley" and "in our village" who have had experiences with wolves. Principle story is a retelling of Little Red Riding Hood. Here too, the expected ending is reversed.

The Copper Beeches, Engineer's Thumb, The Sussex Vampire, Charles Augustus Milverton, Abbey Grange

Follows the same formula: person comes to Holmes with mystery, Holmes collects clues ("data"), eventually evidence sheds light on mystery. Justice done at end of story. Formula allows readers to participate in the detective work; we want to figure out who dunnit. Holmes explains steps of deduction to Watson, and thus to us. Explanation at end prolongs suspense.

World War I poets - Wilfred Owen The Parable of the Old and the Young

In large part this story recounts the Biblical story of Abraham and Isaac, as Abraham prepares to sacrifice Isaac. What is the purpose of drawing on the Biblical story? Why does Abraham kill his son in the poem? What is the meaning of the last line: "And half the seed of Europe, one by one"? -Compares the sacrifice of England's generation of young men to the biblical story of Abraham almost sacrificing his son Isaac-England, and Europe's, young men were sacrificed in WWI-Abraham's son compared to England's sons "Then Abram bound the youth with belts and straps,and builded parapets and trenches there,And stretched forth the knife to slay his son."

John Keats poems

Lamia La Belle Dame sans Merci

William Wordsworth poems

Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, I wandered Lonely as a Cloud, London 1802, The World is Too Much With us, Mutability, Steamboats, Viaducts, and Railways

Late Victorian Poets

Oscar Wilde Sir Conan Arthur Doyle

The Snow Child - Angela Carter

Pure- object of his desirerose= sexualityWants the child to learn about sexualityBlood- menstruating- it is okay to be sexual nowNo longer a child- she doesn't need to be alive to have sexGirl melts- he has filled his desire and she has no purposeOlder women get bit by the rose- only has power in valueCompetition for male attention

Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest - Act II & III

Satire of "earnest" behavior, a prized Victorian virtue. As such, the play satirizes both hypocrisy/false virtue as well as actual virtue. Humor in play depends on what characters say about their world. Characters may be unaware of the implied meaning of their statements, but viewers/readers see the humor. Looks back at the Victorian age and mocked its values. Acts II continues to mock Victorian culture by interchanging the serious and trivial. Major discussions in Act II focus on morality v. wickedness, reading, and the importance of names. And of course the importance of the truth! Jack lies, Algy lies, Cecily creates lies. -Main character Jack has "Ernest" alias; he lives a double life-He falls in love with Gwendolyn, who thinks he really is Ernest-He confesses his love and proposes to Gwendolyn who returns the affection-Lady Brackwell, her mother, forbids the marriage due to Ernest's lack of social status-He tells her he does not know his parents and was found in a handbag at the train station

William Blake poems

Songs of Innocence Songs Of Experience

Samuel Taylor Coleridge poems

The Eolian Harp Kubla Khan Christobel

William Butler Yeats The Second Coming

The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. what will the new age bring?

Jane Austen Northanger Abbey

The novel "Northanger Abbey" by Jane Austen was written as a parody of the popular Gothic romance novels to comment on the condition of women during the 18th century -Gothic novels were written by women for women -The typical Gothic heroine character is often imprisoned in a castle by a persecuting male who is usually their father -The life lessons she learned in Bath and then during her stay at Northanger Abbey have developed her into a mature young adult who is starting to learn from her mistakes -Austen develops Catherine's character into a strong and independent woman, who even though gets caught in marriage, is of course no heroine according to the stereotypes of Gothic novels -Jane Austen reinvents the boundaries of a heroine and makes Catherine the heroine of "Northanger Abbey".

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - Sherlock Holmes Stories - The Speckled Band

The wildly famous stories were a new genre called detective fiction where a professional detective solves problems through processes of deduction. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote these stories, not as just a source of entertainment, but to address issues in the Victorian culture, specifically the middle class. It was a chaotic and confusing society that was under a constant state of change because of urbanization during the Victorian era. He created the literary hero detective Sherlock Holmes who gave a sense of stability to the Victorian middle class. Social status is complicated in Holmes's victorian era. Birth means everything in terms of social standing and Dr. Roylott was willing to kill his two step-daughters in order to keep that standing - clues : bell pull, leash, vent, and milk- father wants to keep money from daughter- gypsies and Indian swamp animals- father is trying to kill his daughter by sending a snake through the vents- justice : father is killed by the snake

Percy Shelley poems

To Wordsworth Mont Blanc Ozymandias England in 1819

Post-Modernism Poets

W. H. Auden Ted Hughes Angela Carter

Romantic Poets

William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Percy Shelley John Keats

Great War & Modernism Poets

World War I poets - William Butler Yeats James Joyce

Gothic Literary Period

dark, gloomy, mysterious, melodramatic, Anti-Catholicism, damsel in distress, madness

Felicia Hemans Corinne at the Capitol

waves washing ashore into graveyardjealous of those who are dead, jealous of the lunatic because he is not self aware like she is, depressingout of tune with nature- unhappy despite success, how to be wife/mother, -Although feminism, glorifies the independent woman, who is strong and career- minded, it also acknowledges that women have the right to choose whether or not they want to work and be independent, and that its perfectly okay to be happy in the domestic sphere -"Radiant daughter of the sun!Now thy living wreath is won.Crown'd of Rome!-Oh! art thou notHappy in that glorious lot?-Happier, happier far than thou,With the laurel on thy brow,She that makes the humblest hearthLovely but to one on earth!"