Eng 234

Perception:

• In spring in fialta: Victor, the character, is not aware of the way his perception is being influenced by external source • In spring in fialta: the narrator, does seem aware of this and contructs his narrative around them • Many things can alter perception: obsession, love,selfishness, trauma or tragedy and time

Grace

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, grace is "the free and undeserved help that God gives us to respond to his call to become children of God. Adoptive sons, partakers of the divine nature and of eternal life.

Epiphany

Epiphany,originally a theological term, means a "manifestation" or "showing forth", and refers to an experience of God's presence. James Joyce used the term to refer to an experience of sudden radiance or revelation caused by perceiving commonplace objects in new ways. In literature, epiphany means a sudden revelation or moment of insight. This insight is often about the nature of the world, of people, or of a situation. Many short stories end with an epiphany.

Mystery

In Greek (the language of the New Testament), mysterion means "that which awaits disclosure or interpretation." In Latin (the language of the catholic church), mysterium fidei means "mystery of faith," and refers to that which cannot be understood unless God enables understanding. In O'connor, mystery represents the limitation of human understanding. For O'Connor, mysteries are part of life and the rational-scientific assumption that everything can be explained is a sign of pride

focalizer

a character in a third-person narrative who "focalizes" or "focuses" the narration. The narration is organized around this character and his/her point of view or consciousness. A focalizer is not necessarily the protagonist, and focalizations can shift. A focalizer is not the narrator, though the narrator adopts his/her point of view

retrospective narrator:

a narrator who relates past events. The events being narrated are understood to have been completed and the narrator is expected to have some degree of authority or understanding about the narrative. The retrospective perspective is not a function of syntax (verb tense) but of narrative time. example: turkey season, a temple of the holy ghost, the sisters,an encounter

Unreliable Narrators

a narrator whose perception, interpretation, or evaluation of the narrative cannot be trusted. He or she may either consciously or unconsciously conceal important information. Unreliable narrators are often, but not always, first person narrators, who narrate from their own limited perspective. All first-person narrators should always be suspected. examples: spring in fialta, an encounter,

omniscient narrator 3rd

a third person narrator who knows and understands all the features, elements, and aspects of the story being told. The omniscient narrator's authority and interpretation is usually accepted as true and accurate. While the narrator may have a personality, he or she is usually not a character in the narrative itself. An omniscient narrator is free to enter into the minds of all characters and able to present a variety of points of view. Counterparts,

limited narrator 3rd

a third-person narrator whose perspective is limited to the point of view of one of the characters in the narrative (usually the protagonist's). The limited third-person narrator often does not enter into other characters' minds and does not report information not known by the protagonist

Metafiction

a type of narrative that draws attention to the act of invention or creation. It is fiction about the creation of the fiction. Historiographic metafiction is fiction about the creation or invention of history.

intrusive narrator

an omniscient narrator who not only reports but also evaluates and judges. An intrusive narrator may be ironic or sincere, may stand in for the author or be his/her own personality. The intrusive narrator's point of view is often considered authoritative. unintrusive: Ivy day in the committee room

Interiority:

o Refers to that which is "inside" a person or a character o Hidden emotions, psychological states, true motives or feelings, that which is not shared, detected, or inscribed on the surface of the exterior o Narratives that focus on interior things often emphasize external elements or thresholds between spaces. • Example: the dead: Gabriel's inability to understand other character's point of view

Intertextuality

refers to the way in which a text is made up of a number of other texts

free indirect discourse

the narrator's indirect representation of a character's thought or speech. Free indirect discourse is a special type of 3rd person narration that "slips" or "slides" in and out of a specific character's consciousness,, blurring the lines between the narrator's and the character's point of view. In free indirect discourse, the narrator adopts a character's thoughts, feelings,views, or opinions and present them (grammatically) as his or her own.

Memory

• Victor's character is influenced by his memories • Memory is the storing and recalling of experience. Nabokov's characters often attempt to re-create the past because recreating the past is an attempt to create the self.