english 2 honors class collaboration Mr rassman

"Spring and All" page 665

*Type of Poem:* Narrative *Content:* -poem in which a withered plant is growing on the side of the road -Life is portrayed as cold, bleak, dead, and uncertain. -Sense most appealed to= sight -the poem shows the hardship of plants going through the change in seasons -In the poem, Spring is portrayed as a time of rebirth and renewal. -the under laying theme is that life is *uncertain* -Both this poem and Making a Fist are poems about struggles.

"The Open Window" page 195

*Literary Devices:* -As in the previous story, three types of irony (the effect when a writer contrasts expectations and reality) are used= ---situational irony= an event directly contradicts strong expectations. ---verbal irony= a character states the oppo of what is meant. ---dramatic irony= the reader knows something a character does not. -paradox= an expression of two contradictory ideas that reveal a truth. -When the 3 people come back through the window, dramatic irony is used because Mr. Nuttell doesn't know that they are alive. -Paradox (and also the conclusion) of the story= The cure (relaxation) for Mr. Nuttell's illness makes him worse, since Vera cause more stress and anxiety. *Content:* -Mr. Nuttell is visiting the country because he has stress and anxiety, so he needs to take a break. This is critical to the story because he is exposed to more stress and anxiety by Vera. -Vera tells him the story about the hunters' deaths because it is fun for her to mess with people. -The reader can tell that it is not unusual for Vera to tell such stories because she says, "now you have to put up with me," to Mr. Nuttell. -Mr. Nuttell and Vera are different because Mr. Nuttell is nice and needs people to emotionally help him, while Vera is mean and like messing with people. -They are both similar because they are both polite. -Vera uses the open window, the aniversary of her aunt's tragedy, the white coat, and the dog as aspects of reality to shape her story. -Vera confirms that Mr. Nuttell does not know her aunt because her aunt is an important part of the story. If he knew her aunt, her story would not have worked. -Mr. Nuttell's perception of the situation at the end of the story is different from reality because he thought that they were ghosts when they were really normal people.

"Making History with Vitamin C" page 168

*Literary Devices:* -Author's purpose= raise awareness about scurvy at sea and present possible remedies for it. -Author uses details about remedies and the effects of them and the history of scurvy to validate her thesis. *Content:* -Symptoms of scurvy= muscle pain, loss of teeth, and diarrhea. -History of scurvy seen in neolithic man, Egypt, Vikings, and 13th century sailors. -Factors influencing scurvy= voyages farther from coast and sailors' diets. Their fear of fire on wooden ships influenced cooking, and food was hard to preserve and rotted easily. -Records of Death/Statistics= scurvy is most common cause of death among sailors. -Known remedies= ginger, oranges, lemons, lemon juice, infusion of spruce tree needles. -Why things didn't change= sailors did not believe in or know of the remedies, and the sailors had a hard time keeping food fresh. -Things changed with Captain Cook's crew because his men were more fit for work. Therefore, his men stayed healthy and did not get scurvy. -Many discoveries would not have been possible were it not for vitamin C and its role in preventing scurvy among sailors. -Before the 18th century, a sailor's diet consisted of salted beef and pork nad ship's biscuits known as hardtack (which was baked rock hard and was used as a substitute for bread). The bread was often weevil-infested and very difficult to chew. -Thier diet helped contribute to scurvy because it lacked necessary vitamins and nutrients. -Since shipowners were concerned about saving money, the problem of scurvy remained because the shipowners would not buy better food. -Officers usually did not get scurvy because they ate better food and had better living conditions.

"the Leap" page 46

*Literary Devices:* -Setting: Anna is blind from cataracts, used to be in a trapeze act, and uses alls to get around. -Foreshadowing: "the surviving half of a trapeze act" predicts that the mother's partner/husband will die, being saved from the storm foreshadows being saved from the fire, "lips that will never meet again" foreshadows the father's death, the smell of smoke in the house foreshadows the story of being saved by the fire. -Rising Action: Anna saves herself nad her daughter during the storm. Anna learns how to read. Anna is in the hospital. The fire starts. -Climax: Anna saves her daughter by helping he rescape from her room. -Falling Action: They land safely on the ground. -Flashbacks: when the daughter thinks about the leap, when the narrator smells smoke, and when it said that the house was rebuilt. -Resolution: The mother uses her acrobatic skills to save her child from the burning building. They are safe and sound. Anna's daughter's life is bound to her mother because she owes her life to her mother. *Content:* -the narrator's mother's profession was being a part of a blindfolded trapeze circus act -"you can do a lot in the act of falling" -after the mother falls during the storm she learns in the hospital she will never able to preform again -the mother saves the narrator three times --the mother saves herself when falling in the circus tent by clinging to a heavy wire after it collapses from being struck by lighting. This important because if Anna had died, the narrator would not have been born. --the second time she owed her life to her mother is when she met her father at the hospital and her taught her to read and they eventually married and had her --the third time that she owed her existence to her mother is when her mother saved her from their burning house -The mother took her clothes off because they could get caught on the branches and catch on fire. Also, she did it to minimize the resistance of friction. -the narrator returned to her old mother to read to her -she saw her dead sister as a less completed version of herself

"Magdalena Looking" page 9

*Literary Devices:* -Setting: Nieuwe Kerk, 17th century, born into a poor family -plot: --Vreeland raises the tension in Magdalena's conflict with her own role in life --in many stories, the resolution is clear win or loss. Madgalena's concluding thoughts represent a little of both -Character and point of view: although Vreeland tells the story in the third person, the narrartor sees deep into Magdalena and helps the reader understand her -Character: by filling in the sad events that occur between death of Magdalena's father and the auction, Vreeland inspires compassion for the main character -Theme: "the power of a great art to offer a moving experience" --page 8 -Author's Insight: --1)"with the list of Magdalena's wishes, i reveal her character, as well as give a great deal of background needed to understand the story" --2)"important to my story is the fact that in the 17th century and earlier, it was extremely unlikely that a woman would be trained as an artist --3) Here's what i wanted to convey about Magdalena: *If it had been evident that she had talent, her limited life might have been more painful yo her because she'd be conscious of unfulfilled possibility. not knowing if she had made her life of sorrows more bearable* --4) Magdalena has changed from a girl with many wishes to a woman who didn't want the buyers "to think she wanted anything." Despite this fading of desire, she can still take quiet, private joy in the look of things *Content:* -Magdalena is very aware of color -Magdalena's greatest wish is to paint like her father and/or be taught by him

"Occupation Conductorette" page 78

*Literary Devices:* -Setting: San Francisco -multiple uses of phrases that show merit to working hard ex. "You ask for what you what, and pay for what you get" *Content:* -she is the original "do-it yourself girl" -She compares her first encounter with the secretary to the final duel between Hamlet and Laertes. -She doesn't back down from the resistance. She stayed determined and motivated. -she was enticed by these job because of the uniform and the money changer belt -the major obstacle that she faced was the racial indignation toward African Americans during that time period -She wants the job very badly because she knew she was smart. -But, higher up jobs demanded birth certificates, so that was out. -Her mother's helpful quotes help Angelou t owork hard, be assertive, and get what you deserve. Her mother motivates her and tells it like it is. -she is determined to get the job and does (because of her refusal to give in to white prejudice).....(guys she says this in all caps..she must be telling the truth) -She has difficult shifts at work, but she sucks it up because she's happy she got the job in the first place.

"Like the Sun" page 190

*Literary Devices:* -Three types of irony (the effect when a writer contrasts expectations and reality) are used= ---situational irony= an event directly contradicts strong expectations. ---verbal irony= a character states the oppo of what is meant. ---dramatic irony= the reader knows something a character does not. -paradox= an expression of two contradictory ideas that reveal a truth. -When Sekhar goes to the headmaster's office, situational irony is used because punishment is expected but is not given. -Paradox of the story is that Sekhar is punished for telling the truth. *Content:* -Sekhar decides to do an experiment= He will tell the absolute truth no matter what. This creates a conflict because peopel don't always want to hear the absolute truth. Rather, they sometimes prefer tempered truth instead. -When he tells his wife the truth about her beakfast for him, she is upset. -Benefits for Sekhar for telling the absolute truth= he does not have to listen to the headmaster sing anymore, and his wife will no longer make the meal that he does not like. -Even though he said thank you for Sekhar's opinion, the headmaster was angry that Sekhar told him the truth because he demanded the papers earlier.

"Games at Twilight" page 138

*Literary Devices:* -setting: 1940's, India *Content:* - the children want to play and it is hot both in and outside -because no one wants to be 'it' they play a rhyming game to choose -They play hide and seek -Ravi decides to hide in an old shed that is dark and scary to him -Ravi faces the internal conflict of: Fear of being tagged vs. fear of the shed he is currently in -day turns to night as ravi is still playing the game -ravi hopes that the other children will praise him for winning the game and become noticed in the crowd of faces -Ravi's new conflict when leaving the shed was external: ravi vs. persons who will tag him -he needed to reach the "den" -the children feel he was foolish and ravi felt worthless

"Contents of Dead Man's Pocket" page 118

*Literary Devices:* -setting: 1950's, Lexington Avenue eleven stories up -Cause and effect: incident with the funneling air -suspense: descriptions of his situation intensify the conflict *Content:* -Tom stays at home to work on his project for work instead of attending the movie with his wife because he wants a promotion and because he is ambitious and dedicated. -the paper flew out the window because of the warm air from the hallway funneling through the open window and the papers he was working on goes with it. So, he goes out on the ledge to retrieve it. His decision is not surprising because he puts a lot of effort into his work. -his external conflict is: Tom vs. retrieving his paper Tom faces the problem of how to retrieve it though -Internal conflict: his realization of family being more important than work (work vs. family) - he goes onto the ledge to get the paper at puts himself in somewhat of a trans only focusing on walking and not looking down -despite his efforts he falls to his curiosity at looks down and is immediately paralyzed with fear - his most recent obstacle would be to keep his body from shaking in fear -he screams for help but realizes its futile (after awhile of course) - out of necessity he concentrates his mind on the movement of his feet and is able to inch his way onward - the window closes and his panics internally -his new internal conflict is the fear of waiting until his wife comes back home in which her movie has yet to even start -Tom cannot wait for Clare to come home because his legs will give out or he will lose his balance -tom burns paper and drops coins to try and attract attention from people to help him but it does not work -Tom laughs at the end of the story because the yellow paper soars out the window. -Great suspense is present when he almost falls off the ledge and when he is looknig down at the ground from the ledge. -how do tom's imaginings build suspense? (his imagination is half the story and is self evident) -he smashes the window and gets back into his apartment -In the beginnig of the story, he is more concerned with work. In the end, he realizes that his life with his family (his wife) is more important than work. Now, he will not worry as much about work. Now, he will spend more time with his wife. -This change in attitude is caused by his near-death experience.

"Tepeyac" page 104

*Literary Devices:* -setting: Tepeyac, North of Mexico City, apartment 12 *Content:* -she describes the city during the 5th of may for a major part of the story. Things she remembers= red canopies, shoe shiners, ladies frying lunch, and the blue evening sky. -Her recollections of the market makes the reader believe that the market is very busy. -Things that have changed she her last visit to the market= kids are playing kickball, and the basilica was crumbled and closed. -she lives with her grandmother and they visited her dead grandpa -the progression of numbers near the end of the story as the main character is walking up the stairs is representing the time passing with herself, her family and her city changing -the author uses contrast in the text by starting the story with lengthy sentences and then ending it with short and concise sentences -When she syas, "the grandchild, the one who will leave soon for that borrowed country," she is refering to herself. -The "you" in the closing sentences refers to her grandpa. -The the narrator is surprised to discover at the end that "it is me who will remember" because it was a life she thought she had left behind.

"The Monkey's Paw" page 32

*Literary Devices:* Setting: parlor in Laburnam India. The setting creates suspense because it takes place on a dark and stormy night. Foreshadowing: story of previous owner of the paw hints at what will happen to Mr. White and his family Rising Action: --the stranger at the door increases tension because of its message and timing of Mr. Whites first wish --the second wish to bring his son back to life increases the tension even further -Conflict starts right when they make the first wish. -Climax: the argument between Mr. and Mrs. White as the bangs on the door increase -Resolution= Mr. White wishes his son back to the grave. The Whites realize that fate is powerful. *Content:* -After Morris leaves, Mr. White believed that the soldiers told lies, and Mrs. White was doubtful about the monkey's paw, but they were still curious. -sergeant major morris "wish for something sensible"..."if you keep it don't blame me for what happens" -the home becomes uneasy as Mr. white wished for "two hundred pounds" -Throughout the story, the Whites start believing in the paw when their wishes come true and odd events occur. -Mr. White receives the money as compensation for their son's death in a factory because he did not word his wish properly. -Mr. White's second wish is for his son to come back to life -Mr. White is afraid of what lies behind the locked door which he believes is his 'walking' dead son -Mr. White's third wish was unknown but the knocking at the door ceased. -He grows pale because he thinks his son is the thing knocking on the door and, after he wishes, the knocking just stops.

from Swimming to Antarctica page 62

*Literary Devices:* setting: December 15, 2002, Antartica, on the ship 'Orlova' -imagery: she uses sensory words to give her fist person point of view of her experience in the frigid water *Content:* -Cox is attempting to swim a mile in the water of the arctic water that hovers at about freezing -Cox doubts herself when she runs a fever and the doctor draws cox's veins right before she dives. -it is easier for her to recollect about her story that it was for her to actually act it out -Things she did to prep for the swim= drink 8 cups of warm water (to raise her body temp), do practice swims (to familiarize herself with the effects of the cold water), traced her veins with a marker (so veins could be found easily), ate 2 croissants (to add fat to her body and give herself energy). -At the start of her swim, Cox feels a piercing cold right when her head goes under water. Because of the cold, she has difficulty breathing. -Cox believed that her cells would freeze. -She overcomes her physical challenges because of her dtermination and toughness. -two dangers she faces on her swim is her blood clotting and ultimately stopping or her not being able to breathe because of the cold air in her lungs - when she was in the water her brain moved mechanically and she was able to ignore the assaulting sensations of the cold water. -She gave herself pep talks a few times= when the doctor drew the marks on her hand and when she was getting close to the end. Both of these help her to throw out mental obstacles by staying focused and pushing through. -she looked back and realized that their ship was anchored too close to shore and she now had to cover a longer distance to make up the mile so her crew had her turn a few times -even in the harm conditions she was able to maintain her strong swimming form showing her expertise of swimming -Her ability to keep swimming shows that she thinks quickly and is physically strong. -as her course shifts her hope increases -as she heads toward the shore she basically tells herself "Finnish, you have done a good job" -she swam 1.06 miles in the arctic water -Cox wanted to make the swim t obreak the record, t oshow herself that she could do anything, and to reach beyond anything that she had done so far. -in the beginning she was doubtful but when they celebrated she realized that she had a large deal of support

*Novels*

*Novels*

*Poetry*

*Poetry*

*Stories In Hardcover*

*Stories In Hardcover*

*Extra Terms*

*That Might be Helpful to Know*

"Danny Deever" page 562

*Type of Poem:* Dramatic *Content:* -The Color-Sergeant is wiser than Files-on-Parade because Files-on-Parade is always asking questions. -They are both sad because one of their comrades (Danny Deever) is being executed. -Danny Deever is being executed because he shot one of the soldiers. -This poem is harder to read because of its dialogue and dialect.

"The Guitar" page 648

*Type of Poem:* Lyric *Content:* -the guitar is compared to a wounded heart -mentions three examples of sadness --first bird dead upon a branch --an arrow without a target --the evening without a morning

"The Fish" page 650

*Type of Poem:* Narrative *Content:* -Imagery was used the most. -The fish was described as a battler because he had 5 hook marks in his mouth. -The author is not only telling the story, but she is also a part of it. -Dramatic ending= she lets the fish go. -Because the fish was a warrior, she let it go. -Sense most appealed to= sight.

"Tree Telling Orpheus" page 659

*Type of Poem:* Narrative *Content:* -In the story, the trees are personified. -The man plays music, and the tree wants to follow him because they are enamored with his voice. -The poem shows the power of music. -The poem is an example of a narrative poem because it has a plot.

"Making a Fist" page 664

*Type of Poem:* Narrative *Content:* -Speaker= little girl who, at the beginning of the story, is young. At the end of the story, the reader can tell that she has grown up. -narrator and her mother are traveling north of Tampico -The narrator mentions to her mother that her stomach is bothering her and asks when do you know you are dying? -She compares her stomach to "a melon split wide inside my skin." She is abviously nauseas and sick. -her mother said when you can no longer make a fist -she then made a fist and felt better to some extent in doing the action -The poem shows that life is full of struggles. -When she was young, the narrator yearned to understand. -Her childhood journey represents maturing and learning to face one's fears.

"The Bridegroom" page 642

*Type of Poem:* Narrative *Content:* -Natasha's parents question her because because she had been missing for 3 days -Natasha's father plans for her to marry the man she saw commit murder -by the time that the bridegroom realizes what Natasha is explaing in her 'dream' it is too late (she sells the murder confession as a dream)

"Mowing" page 658

*Type of Poem:* Sonnet (Narrative) *Content:* -The author is a farmer who is mowing a lawn with a scythe. -The whisphering that the farmer hears is the whispering of the scythe while it cuts the grass. -During the story, the man is doing his job/chores. -Feelings that are conveyed= peace, content, happiness, and satisfaction. -The man is at peace because he enjoys what he is doing.

"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" page 679

*Type of Poem:*Villanelle (5 sets of 3 lines and 1 set of 4 lines) *Content:* -the narrator pleads with his father not to go silently into the night or die softly but to fight death and resist the temptation to give into it -The poem shows the importance of hanging on to every night and resisting death to the very end.

"My City" page 677

*Type of Poem:*sonnet *Content:* -Setting= New York City -The narrator sees and hears so much commotion, but all he wants is peacefulness and calmness. -However, he will still miss his city because he loves it so much. -Poem in which the narrator describes how he will miss 'his' city when he passes away

Night (2)

Shmoop summary website: *http://www.shmoop.com/night/summary.html*

internal conflict

a character struggles with his or her own opposing desires, beliefs, or needs

flashback

an interruption in the plot to describe an action of the past

exposition

background on the characters and situation

falling action

events that follow the climax

rising action

events that intensify the conflict

climax

highest point of action in story

climax

highest point of story tension at which outcome of conflict is revealed

novellas

intermediate works of fiction that are longer than short stories but are more concise and focused than novels

fiction

is a narrative prose about characters and events from the author's imagination

perspective

is the author's point of view on the subject, including opinions that the author expresses and the source of the author's information--whether general research, for example. or personal experience

setting

is the time and place in a work of fiction

first-person point of view

the story is told by a narrator who participates in the action of the story

theme

the underlying meaning or insight that an author conveys in a story

external conflict

a character struggles against an outside force, such as an element of nature or another character

short stories

brief narratives, with carefully limited action that allows the writer to focus on one main plot complication

resolution

conclusion of story

resolution

conflict intensifies until one force wins

The Book Thief

copy and paste this link for excellent summary: *http://www.shmoop.com/book-thief/summary.html* Additional points/notes:

Fahrenheit 451

copy and paste this link for excellent summary: *http://www.shmoop.com/fahrenheit-451/summary.html* Additional points/notes:

Night

copy and paste this link for previous quizlet info: *http://quizlet.com/15454182/night-study-questions-flash-cards/* Additional points/notes:

tone

expresses an author's attitude toward the subject and the readers. it is conveyed through choice of words and details

novels

extended works of fiction that are organized in chapters; may include subplots

foreshadowing

giving details that hint upcoming events

characters

individuals who take part in the action

idiomatic expressions

phrases that mean something different from their individual words and help a writer to show a character's personality

conflict

problem

resolution

remaining issues resolved; conclusions or insights revealed by narrator

suspense

rising curiosity or anxiety in readers

plot

sequence of related events in a story

conflict

struggle between two forces

third-person point of view

the story is told by a narrator outside the story

dialect

way of speaking particular to a group or region