English satire

Synecdoche

Part of something is used to stand for the whole "threads" for clothes "wheels" for cars

Note:

Sarcasm is not a method in which satire is presented as it is usually spiteful rather than being something that attempts to evoke change.

Exaggeration, overstatement, or hyperbole

Something that does happen but is exaggerated to absurd lengths. This is the most common type of satire.

Absurdity

Something that seems like it would never happen but could.

Characteristics of satire

-ethical reform -make vice laughable -reform on public behavior -implicit -general attack types (the fool, hoodlum, adulter) -attacks by name -witty, ironic, and exaggerated

Parody

A mocking imitation, often of literary work.

Wit, word play, or pun

A play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply different meanings.

Oxymoron

A rhetorical antithesis. Juxtaposing two contradictory terms like "wise fool" or "deafening silence"

Paradox

A seemingly contradictory statement or situation, which is actually true. This rhetorical device is often use for emphasis or simply to attract attention.

Understatement

A statement that seems incomplete or less than truthful given the facts. Think sarcasm with the intentions of evoking change.

Tone

A writers attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization of the sentence for comprehensive understanding.

Ambiguity

An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous.

Characteristics of Horatian tone

Cheerful, urban, tongue in cheek, optimistic, warm, witty, gentle, chiding.

Irony

Conveying the opposite of what is expected.

Characteristics of Juvanalien tone

Cutting, bitter, angry, contemptuous, grim, sardonic, harsh, indignant etc.

Metonymy

Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it.

Horatian satire

Gentle. It includes a "voice" that is indulgent, tolerant, amused and witty. The speaker doesn't want to anger the audience. Aim to produce a dry ironic smile.

Juvanalien satire

Harsh, bitter and formal. The speaker attacks vices and human errors with contempt, condemnation and indignation. Strong contrast to Horatian satire.

Connotation

The associations associated by a word. It is the implied meaning rather than the literal meaning or denotation.

Euphemism

The substitution of an inoffensive term for one that is offensive. For example replacing die with pass away

Diction

Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements of words have significant affects on meaning.

Satire

Writing that is ridiculous or critcizes individuals, ideas, institiutions, social conventions, or other works of art or literature.