English satire
Synecdoche
Part of something is used to stand for the whole "threads" for clothes "wheels" for cars
Note:
Sarcasm is not a method in which satire is presented as it is usually spiteful rather than being something that attempts to evoke change.
Exaggeration, overstatement, or hyperbole
Something that does happen but is exaggerated to absurd lengths. This is the most common type of satire.
Absurdity
Something that seems like it would never happen but could.
Characteristics of satire
-ethical reform -make vice laughable -reform on public behavior -implicit -general attack types (the fool, hoodlum, adulter) -attacks by name -witty, ironic, and exaggerated
Parody
A mocking imitation, often of literary work.
Wit, word play, or pun
A play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply different meanings.
Oxymoron
A rhetorical antithesis. Juxtaposing two contradictory terms like "wise fool" or "deafening silence"
Paradox
A seemingly contradictory statement or situation, which is actually true. This rhetorical device is often use for emphasis or simply to attract attention.
Understatement
A statement that seems incomplete or less than truthful given the facts. Think sarcasm with the intentions of evoking change.
Tone
A writers attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization of the sentence for comprehensive understanding.
Ambiguity
An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous.
Characteristics of Horatian tone
Cheerful, urban, tongue in cheek, optimistic, warm, witty, gentle, chiding.
Irony
Conveying the opposite of what is expected.
Characteristics of Juvanalien tone
Cutting, bitter, angry, contemptuous, grim, sardonic, harsh, indignant etc.
Metonymy
Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it.
Horatian satire
Gentle. It includes a "voice" that is indulgent, tolerant, amused and witty. The speaker doesn't want to anger the audience. Aim to produce a dry ironic smile.
Juvanalien satire
Harsh, bitter and formal. The speaker attacks vices and human errors with contempt, condemnation and indignation. Strong contrast to Horatian satire.
Connotation
The associations associated by a word. It is the implied meaning rather than the literal meaning or denotation.
Euphemism
The substitution of an inoffensive term for one that is offensive. For example replacing die with pass away
Diction
Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements of words have significant affects on meaning.
Satire
Writing that is ridiculous or critcizes individuals, ideas, institiutions, social conventions, or other works of art or literature.