ENGR108 PPT 18: Biological Automata

The Automaton Chess Player, or the (*blank*), constructed in 1770 by Wolfgang von Kempelen. - Although it was a hoax, it inspired many inventors to design complex self-operating machines, among them: (*blank*)

The Turk Charles Babbage

Analytical Engine would have been controlled by a program of instructions contained on a (*blank*) connected together with ribbons (an idea that Babbage had adopted from the (*blank*)).

Punched cards Jacquard Weaving loom

*Remember*: The (*blank*) was the (*blank*) to industrialize and to used modern production methods

Textile Industry First

The Digesting Duck

- A full-size duck - Quacking and muddling water with its bill - Capable of drinking water, taking food from its operator's hand, swallowing it and excreting it - Vaucanson invented the world's *first flexible rubber tube* to make the duck's intestines

*Analytical Engine*

- A mechanical general-purpose computer - Designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer *Charles Babbage* - First described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's *Difference Engine*, a design for a mechanical computer.

*The Jacquard machine*:

A loom controlled by a "chain of cards" - It is fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns

*Charles Babbage* owned a portrait of Jacquard that inspired him in using perforated cards in his (*blank*)

Analytical engine

1670s - 1830s: Clockmakers and inventors, and their philosophical audiences, turned theories about (*blank*) and (*blank*) into an experimental program - They built (*blank*) and automata that reproduced as closely as possible their natural subjects

Animal- and human-machinery Androids

*Ada Lovelace* was the first to recognize that the machine had (*blank*), and published the (*blank*) intended to be carried out by such a machine

Applications beyond pure calculation First algorithm

In 1677, Salomon Reisel, a German doctor and *philosophical mechanist*, announced that he had built an entire "(*blank*)" with all internal bodily functions: circulation, respiration, digestion, *except* for the operations of the (*blank*)

Artificial man Rational soul

The experimental android automata developed in *close conjunction* with industrial automata, notably the (*blank*)

Automatic loom

The Difference Engine

Designed by Charles Babbage, an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions

The first actual android (1738): Jacques Vaucanson's (*blank*), a life-size figure of a shepherd that played the tabor and the pipe and had a repertoire of (*blank*) - Result of (*blank*) - The first scientific study of the physics of sound production in the flute - Vaucanson's mechanical Flutist became the (*blank*) of an android

Flute player Twelve songs Five year's of labor Paradigm

Vaucanson was trying to automate the French textile industry with (*blank*) - a technology that was refined later by *Jacquard* and revolutionized weaving

Punch cards

*Mathematical automata*: (*blank*) (or the arithmetic machine); mechanical calculator invented by (*blank*) in the early 17th century

Pascal's calculator Blaise Pascal

*Mathematical automata*: (*blank*) - A mechanical calculator invented by German mathematician *Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz* around 1672 and completed in 1694

The step reckoner

The Jaquet-Droz automata:

Three doll automata (1786-1774) made by Pierr Jaquet-Droz, his son Henri-Louis, and Jean-Frederic Leschot