ENS

Which of these statements is supported by the pie charts? Select all that apply

-Fresh water makes up a small percentage of all water on Earth. -Most of the fresh water on Earth is found in ice caps and glaciers

What percentage of Earth's fresh water is found in rivers?

.01%

What percentage of the Earth's water is fresh and readily accessible for human use?

0.01%

Approximately how many tons of paper and paperboard were consumed worldwide in 1970?

130 million tons

Now calculate the tons of paper and paperboard consumed worldwide in 2000. Use your answer to this question and your answer from Part B to calculate the approximate percentage change in consumption from 1970 to 2000.

170%

During which period were forest fires most extensive?

1700-1750

Approximately ________% of Earth's water is found in ice caps and glaciers.

2

In 1770, how much of the landscape did the thinning stage occupy?

50%

Most of the deforestation occurring in the Amazon is occurring to increase what industry?

Agriculture

Dale Bosworth describes several reasons why America's national forests are not pristine landscapes. Which of the following reasons does he include in his essay?

American Indians have managed forests for thousands of years through the use of fire.

Matthew Koehler includes several statistics about impacts of logging in national forests. Which of the following statements describe an ecological impact of logging?

Approximately 50% of riparian areas require restoration due to logging and other land uses.

Based on population and consumption trends, which region would have had the highest paper consumption in the year 2010?

Asia, due to rising population and rising consumption rates

Which South American country contains a majority of the Amazon rainforest?

Brazil

Which drainage basin in North America has the largest number of generating stations for hydroelectric power?

Columbia and Northwestern United States

What physical feature serves as the drainage divide on the western side of the Amazon River drainage basin?

Cordillera Central (Andes)

The Congo River Basin, located primarily in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is associated with which two natural regions?

Evergreen forest and savanna

In a grassy pine savannah, a longer interval between prescribed burns typically leads to _____.

In a grassy pine savannah, a longer interval between prescribed burns typically leads to _____. bigger woody species

Both authors describe the unhealthy state of forests but describe very different solutions. Which of the following answers list Koehler's primary solution and Bosworth's primary solution?

Koehler: ecological restoration; Bosworth: active management (tree thinning)

Based on the mission of your organization and these recent trends, which of the following regions would you prioritize for forest conservation efforts in the future?

Latin America and the Caribbean

Based on the distribution and size of cities and the degree of urbanization in the Southwest, what area probably has the greatest demand for the river's water?

Los Angeles and southern California

Maria wakes up in the morning and takes a shower, drinks a glass of water, washes her clothes in the laundry machine, and then goes to work. Which of the following describes Maria's water use appropriately?

Maria's water use is consumptive

Which major drainage basin in North America has the largest number of "extremely high" floods between 1985 and 2011?

Mississippi-Missouri

Which of the following statements about drinking water is true?

Most bottled water is just purified tap water.

Which region had the highest per capita paper use in 2000

North America

Which three regions used the most paper overall for the entire time period represented on the graph?

North America, Europe, Asia

What is the spatial relationship between the distributions of water and people?

Populations and water resources too often have an inverse relationship (lots of people where there is little water)

Although Koehler and Bosworth disagree about the role of logging in U.S. national forests, their essays suggest one potential point of agreement. Which of the following statements would both authors support?

Removing some trees from forests can reduce the threat of wildfire in protected areas

You are a U.S. senator who plans to introduce an updated version of the Organic Administration Act of 1897. What scientific information would be useful for rewriting the original law?

Research on the effects of logging on ecosystem services provided by forests

Which one of the following statements about prescribed burns is true?

Some species of pine trees require fire to reproduce

In 2006, Brazil began incentivizing farmers to grow on previously cleared land after a moratorium on what product?

Soy

Which statement is most likely to have described how the landscape changed in the 12 years after the 1988 fires?

The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest decreased

What is the main argument against removing O'Shaughnessy Dam in Yosemite National Park?

The reservoir is the main source of drinking water for the city of San Francisco.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

The volume of water in Lake Mead is down by more than 50% since 1998.

Which of the following best describes the Yellowstone Plateau landscape in 1900?

Which of the following best describes the Yellowstone Plateau landscape in 1900? More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established

The greatest use of fresh water worldwide is __________.

agricultural

The most cost-effective solution for groundwater depletion and land-level subsidence is _______.

allowing no more water to be withdrawn from an aquifer than is naturally recharged

An aquifer recharge zone is __________.

any area where water infiltrates Earth's surface and reaches an aquifer below

what would b worse

building a grocery store with a large parking lot on an area that used to be a forest

What type of irrigation method wastes as little as 10% of the water applied to the plants?

drip irrigation

Water is renewed naturally by Earth as it moves through the __________.

hydrologic cycle

Which of the following is a result of the prescribed burning of an open and grassy pine savannah?

less-intense natural wildfires

The region of a lake where plants are able to attach to the bottom and still reach above the surface is known as the __________.

littoral zone

In general, we can conclude that with increasing economic development and wealth, a country tends to use __________ water per person.

more

What does the y-axis show?

percentage of landscape occupied by a forest stage

In an open and grassy pine savannah, fires _____

prevent the development of a hardwood forest

What component of weather is watched most closely when determining when to conduct a prescribed burn?

relative humidity

The people living in Arizona __________.

rely on underground water supplies to meet their water needs

Dams create a _________ from which we can get water for human use.

reservoir

Drag the labels to illustrate these steps of the scientific process.

sc

How salvage logging affects seedling growth and density of woody debris

sc

Review Can you identify examples of ecosystem services provided by forests?

sc

Statistical analysis of data: Means vs. medians Use the data table to find values for medians and outliers. Enter values as they appear in the table to complete the sentences.

sc

Unfortunately, it took massive global deforestation for people to understand and appreciate the vital ecosystem services that forests provide, including climate regulation, carbon storage, flood control, and prevention of soil erosion. On the bright side, global monitoring of forest resources by the FAO has highlighted positive trends across much of the globe in recent decades. The following graph from the FAO's "The State of the World's Forests" report shows forest area as the proportion of total land area by region in 1990, 2010, and 2015.

sc

Use the data from the graph to calculate absolute change and relative change in protected forest between 1990 and 2015 in each climatic domain. Match the values with the correct climatic domain in the table.

sc

In order to deal with our water problems, we can either increase _________ or reduce _________

supply; demand

Between 1700 and 1985, the dominant forest stage on the Yellowstone Plateau progressed from establishment stage to old-growth forest, in a pattern typical of secondary succession.

supported

A freshwater wetland located in a forested area where the rooted plants are able to grow above the water's surface throughout the entire wetland is called a (an) __________

swamp

What does the red graph line represent?

thinning stage

The average person in the United States uses more water than __________.

three people in the United Kingdomsix people in China10 people in Kenya