Env. Health Chapter 2 Quiz
False
True or False? A relative risk of less than 1 means that there is no association between exposure and outcome.
True
True or False? Cross-sectional studies may be used to formulate hypotheses that can be followed up in analytic studies.
True
True or False? In a case-control study, cases are those who have the outcome of interest and the controls are those who do not.
9/87 × 100
During April, 2009, a Texas community reported 87 cases of H1N1 associated influenza. Ultimately, 9 fatal cases of H1N1 occurred during this same month. There were 4 other fatalities. The CFR associated with H1N1 during April was:
All of the above (Strength, consistency, temporality, and biological gradient)
Hill's criteria of causality include
Hippocrates
Identify the historical figure who was among the first to expound on the role of environmental factors in causing diseases
Was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments
John Snow, in Snow on Cholera
All of the above (Accurate assessment of exposure is difficult, Environmentally associated diseases often have low incidence and prevalence, Long latency periods often occur between initial exposures and disease outcomes, and the effects of exposures are often non-specific)
The limitations of environmental epidemiology include the fact that
The population at risk
Those members of the population who are capable of developing a disease or condition are known as
Cohort studies
Which of the following observational designs is used for hypothesis testing?