Environmental Final Semester II
Ozone hole
An area of lowered ozone concentrated of Antarctica
Raising aquatic organisms for food in a controlled environment.
Aquaculture
For hydrogen to become a useful vehicle fuel, scientists must determine how to____________ it into a smaller volume
Compress/squeeze
Oil shale
Can be burned like coal or processed to extract liquid petroleum
The breakdown of methane to obtain hydrogen has the drawback of also releasing what?
Carbon dioxide
The greenhouse gas considered most responsible for global warming is what?
Carbon dioxide
_________________ emissions from vehicles increase, contributing to air pollution and global climate change.
Carbon dioxide
What is the smallest type of soil with the average particle size?
Clay
Miners risk injury or death from collapsing mines. In addition, they inhale what?
Coal dust
Fossil Fuels
Contain carbon and formed millions of years ago from the remains of organisms
Oil sands
Contains bitumen and generally removed through strip mining
Transportation-related pollution also includes motor oil and road salts runoff from roads and parking lots. This runoff contaminates waterways, which poses risks to ___________ and human health.
ecosystems
Offshore wind farms are becoming more common because they what?
Produce more power, due to stronger winds
Cap-and-trade
Program in which a government sets a limit on carbon emissions, but allows industries to sell leftover allowances.
Geothermal energy is produced from a combination of high pressure and the breakdown of what underground?
Radioactive Elements
The vast grasslands that once coved the middle of North America have mainly been replaced by what?
Rangeland and cropland
Desalination
Removing salt from seawater
Soil, fresh water, wild animals, and timber are examples of what?
Renewable resources
Acid Drainage
When sulfuric acid caused metals to leach from rock, leading to water pollution
Precipitation
When the liquid in a solution evaporates and remaining solids form minerals
Groundwater mining is the process of.......
Withdraw groundwater faster than it can be replaced
The amount of crop that grows in a given area
Yield
Ozone is a pollutant in a smog in the what?
Troposphere
Which impact of mining can cause respiratory disease, such as lung cancer, due to dust and particle exposure?
Air pollution
Clear-Cutting is a timer harvesting method in which.........
All of the trees in the area are cut
Front
A boundary between two air masses that differ in temperature and moisture
Temperature Inversion
A condition in which a layer of cooler air is located beneath a layer o warmer air
Scrubber
A device attached to factory smokestacks to remove pollutants
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
A family of chemical compounds that destroys ozone molecules
Carbon tax
A fee the government charges polluters
Well
A hole dug into an aquifer to reach groundwater
Reservoir
A lake that stores water for humans to use
Ore
A mineral that its mined so that a metal can be removed from it
Smog
A mixture of air pollutants that forms over cites
Rock
A natural occurring solid mass of minerals and mineral-like material
Mineral
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has an orderly crystalline structure pollution
Aquifer
A sponge-like formation of rock, sand, or gravel that holds water
Tailings
A waste production generated by mining
Strip mining can cause the release of harmful chemicals in a process called what?
Acid drainage
Mechanical energy
Associated with the motion and position of an object
The continuous mass of solid rock that makes up Earths crust.
Bedrock
To create electricity, wind blowing into a turbine turns what?
Blades that connect to a gearbox
As these plants ______________ with others nearby that shared those characteristics, they produced new generations of plants with large and tasty fruits.
Bred
Many nations signed the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Since then, the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons has.......
Decreased dramatically
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the formation of metamorphic rock?
Deposition
Open Pit Mining
Digging a large hole to remove ore and rock
Which of the following is NOT an example of the effects of groundwater depletion?
Dried up wetland
A negative aspect of geothermal energy is that some projects can trigger massive shaking in the form of what?
Earthquakes
The removal process can endanger people and harm what?
Ecosystems
When they change the flows of rivers, hydropower dams drastically change what and reduce fish population?
Ecosystems
Which is secondary source of energy?
Electricity
What is the process that breaks water down into the gases hydrogen and oxygen?
Electrolysis
The Healthy Forests Restoration Act
Encourages salvages logging and prescribed burning on national forest land
Hydropower dams can provide electricity and may control what?
Floods
Scientists agree that the cause of global warming includes all of the following except for what?
Forest conservation
Because people in sprawling communities drive more due to limited public transportation options, they use more_____________.
Fossil fuel
The main source of the extra carbon dioxide is the burning of what?
Fossil fuels
A benefit of geothermal energy is that it creates less air pollution than combustion of what?
Fossils
Chemical energy
Found in the bond that hold atoms together
Carbon dioxide is the green house gas that is most responsible for what?
Global warming
The introduction of synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides to farming date back to the.......
Green revolution
As the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases what also increases?
Greenhouse effect
In some places, hot_____________ is piped directly to buildings from underground.
Groundwater
Smelting
Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals
Industrial agriculture is both
High yield and high input
Agriculture probably began when_____________ brought wild fruits, grains, and nuts back to their camps.
Hunter-gatherers
Methane hydrate
Ice-like solid(s) located in the deep ocean floor and made up of molecules of methane within a crystal network.
An example of metamorphic rock is what?
Marble
Rock that forms as magma cools slowly and solidifies below Earths surface is called what?
Intrusive igneous rock
Nuclear energy
Involves forces within atoms
Providing water other than precipitation to crops
Irrigation
Which of the following statements is true about land cover?
Land cover refers to human activities that take place on land
The plants that grew from these seeds likely produced fruits ______________ and _____________ than most.
Larger and tastier
When paper has a Forest Stewardship Council logo it, the paper is........
Made from sustainably harvested wood
The most common way to obtain hydrogen today is to extract from what?
Methane
Polymorph
Minerals that consist of the same elements but have different crystal structure
Which of the following is NOT a part of a wind turbine?
Mirrors
Which is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Nuclear energy
Soul texture is based on what?
Particle size
Because nothing is burned, hydropower does not do what to the atmosphere?
Pollute
Point-source pollution
Pollution that comes from a discrete location
Non point-sourse pollution
Pollution that comes from many resources
In a geothermal what, steam from below ground turns the blades of a turbine, which makes a generator produce electricity?
Power Plant
Maximum sustainable yield, ecosystem-based management, and adaptive management are three approaches to what?
Resources management
Thermal energy
Results in an object becoming warmer if the particles in the object begin to move faster
Water that flows over land and has not been absorbed into the ground is called what?
Runoff
The buildup of salts in the surface layers of soil is called what?
Salinization
Some of the ____________ fell to the ground and grew into plants that produced good fruit.
Seeds
Placer Mining
Sifting through material in modern or ancient rivered deposits
Strip mining is not as dangerous for humans as underground coal mining, but it can cause extreme habitat damage and what?
Soil erosion
Agriculture that does not deplete soil faster than it forms.
Sustainable Agriculture
Carbon sequestration
Storage system for Carbon
Ozone is highly beneficial in the ozone layer of the lower......
Stratosphere
The_______________ required to remove fossil fuels from the ground is very expensive
Technology
Turning a steep slope into a series of steps for farming.
Terracing
Watershed
The area of land that drains water into a river system
Troposphere
The atmosphere layer nearest the earths surface
Salinization
The buildup of salts in the surface layers of soil
Relative Humidity
The ratio of water vapor the air contains to the maximum amount it could have at the temperature
Acid Deposition
The settling to earth surface of acids formed when pollutants combine with water, oxygen, and other chemicals
Atmosphere
The thin layer of gases that surrounds earth
True or False: The particular matter in emissions such as smoke and soot consist of tiny particles.
True
Which of the following mining methods disrupts the sea floor?
Undersea mining
Radiation
The transfer of energy through space
Conduction
The transfer of heat directly between two objects in contact
Most of the worlds remaining forests are either boreal forest or.......
Tropical rainforests
The policy of multiple use require that national forests be managed for what?
Timber, Wildlife habitat, Recreation
Hydrogen can be stored and____________ from one place to another
Transported
Cities and suburbs are examples of what?
Urban areas
In which of the following categories of land cover would you most likely expect to find the highest human population?
Urban areas
Electrical energy
Used to power computers
Carbon offset
Voluntary payment made to reduce greenhouse gases
Surface water
Water found on earths surface
Runoff
Water that flows over land and has not yet been absorbed into the ground
Wastewater
Water that has been used by people in some way
Fresh water
Water that is relatively pure, with few dissolved salts
True or False: the process of moving water from its source to places where humans use it is called water diversion
true
All of the land area that supplies water to a particular river system is called a.......
Watershed
Electromagnetic energy
Waves from the sun or in a microwave oven
The physical and chemical process that brakes down rock minerals into smaller particles.
Weathering
Which of the following logging methods would most likely result in regrowth?
clear cutting
The chemical breakdown of hydrogen-containing compounds requires an input of what?
energy
True or False: Cities must export almost all of the resources used by their residents.
false
True or False: Forests cover about 15% of Earths land surface
false
True or False: Geologists have so far identified about 1000 minerals.
false
True or False: Groundwater pollution is easy to monitor and clean up
false
True or False: Most logging in the United States today takes place on public lands
false
True or False: Most minerals are compounds composed of one element(s).
false
True or False: Natural gas is more polluting than coal or oil
false
True or False: Natural gas produces a small amount of energy
false
True or False: The aim of adaptive management is to harvest the maximum amount of a resource without reducing future harvests
false
True or False: The ecological footprint of cities are smaller than their actual land areas.
false
True or False: The environmental and health impacts of pollution are shared evenly among urban residents.
false
True or False: The poor typically live upstream from polluting facilities.
false
True or False: Weathering is often the last process in soil formation.
false
True or False: concentrating solar power (CSP) is a technology that uses turbines to force sunlight in order to generate electricity.
false
True or False: convection currents form from the raisin g of cool air and the sinking of warm air.
false
True or False: droughts and overuse have caused significant surface water reservoir
false
True or False: energy conservation is the practice of increasing energy use to meet goals
false
True or False: extensive forest fires have resulted partly from shorter, warmer drier fire seasons
false
True or False: flat-plate panels, provide a method for passive solar hearing.
false
True or False: fossil fuels are carbon-containing fuels that formed thousands of years ago from the remains of organisms.
false
True or False: greenhouses use active solar heating to collect the suns energy.
false
True or False: heat exhaustion is a condition in which the body cannot control its temperature, and body temperature rapidly rises
false
True or False: in recent years, the market for organic produce has decreased.
false
True or False: lakes that store water for humans use are called dams
false
True or False: marine organisms at higher trophic levels contain higher levels of mercury
false
True or False: of the nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen, phosphorus causes the most damage to oceans
false
True or False: pollutants leach through soil and seep into storage tanks
false
True or False: power plants and factories are examples of non point sources of pollution.
false
True or False: reducing oil seeping into coastal waters can lessen the frequency of algal blooms
false
True or False: rising property insurance payments may indirectly indirected that storms are decreasing in severity
false
True or False: the financial consequence of storms is indirected by the amount of money that insurance companies pay to people and companies that have insured their property against weather-related damage
false
True or False: transportation accounts for one half of oil use in the United States
false
True or False: when primary air pollutants react chemically with others substances, they produce new substances called super pollutants
false
True or False: when warm, moist air is cooled water vapor condenses and forms wind.
false
Deforestation has the greatest impact on biodiversity......
in tropical areas and arid regions
Salvage logging can do what?
promote wildfires
A cross-section of all the soil horizons in a specific soil.
soil profile
True or False: most efforts to reduce groundwater pollution focus on preventions
true
True or False: most oil pollution in the oceans comes from small, non-point sources
true
The impacts of sprawl on _____________ and population are related.
transportation
True or False: A partnership between consumers and local farms is known as community-supported agriculture.
true
True or False: Clear-Cutting results in mostly even-aged stands of trees
true
True or False: Dams can help regulate river flow
true
True or False: Deforestation is still occurring rapidly in some developing nations.
true
True or False: Each type of mineral has a unique crystal structure
true
True or False: In photovoltaic cell, sunlight striking a silicon plate begins a process that creates an electric current
true
True or False: Light pollution describes the way that city lights brighten the night sky, obscuring the stars and planets.
true
True or False: Minerals are formed from inorganic materials.
true
True or False: Natural gas is sometime found above coal deposits
true
True or False: Parent material is the base geological material from which soils formed.
true
True or False: Sustainable agriculture does not deplete soil faster then it forms.
true
True or False: about half the homes in the United States use natural gas for heating
true
True or False: as part of the prevailing wind patterns, cool air moves toward the equator.
true
True or False: as winds move over bodies of water, they pick up water vapor, which then falls as precipitation
true
True or False: drivers in European nations pay higher gas taxes than those paid in the United States
true
True or False: extreme weather is becoming more severe over time
true
True or False: groundwater pollution as a result of human activity s widespread
true
True or False: it can take decades for groundwater to get rid of its contaminants
true
