Environmental Science Chapter 12 & 13
The ________________________ is an international agreement that seeks to limit carbon dioxide emissions from developed countries.
Kyoto Protocol
The ______________________ is an international agreement that limits CFC production.
Montreal Protocol
Catalytic converters are required in ______________ to remove _______________ from car exhaust gases.
automobiles; pollutants
Which of the following contributes most of acid precipitation?
burning of fossil fuels
Which of the following gases is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?
carbon dioxide
The statement "Cool summers, cold winters with lots of snow - about 75 cm of precipitation each year" describes ________________.
climate
LaNina is what phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle
cold phase
Two-thirds of the sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by
electric power plants
Which of the following activites is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the united states?
electricity production
Most air pollution is produced by
fuel burning
The automobile's contribution to air pollution includes
fumes that escape when the gas tank is filled
A predicted increase in Earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as _______________________.
global warming
Water vapor and carbon dioxide help trap heat in the atmosphere near the surface of Earth, so they re called ________________.
greenhouse gases
What pollutant forms when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays?
ground level ozone
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature
increased polar ice mass
A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
involved in the formation of acid precipitation
Ultraviolet radiation is particularly dangerous because
it can damage genetic material in cells
Latitude strongly influences climate because
more solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles
The automobile's contribution to air pollution also includes
nitrogen oxides emitted in exhaust
The thinning of the ozone layer
occurs over both polar regions; is related to seasonal changes; will take many years to reverse
Which of the following statements related to global warming is not accurate
only fossil fuels, not living plants, release carbon dioxide when burned
Stratospheric ________________ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFCs.
ozone
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 4.1
Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies are examples of __________________ winds
prevailing
If polar ice masses melt as a result of global warming, sea levels will ____________________.
rise
Which of the following is often used to remove poisonous gases from industrial emissions before they are released into the atmosphere?
scrubbers
All of the following are primary air pollutants except
smog
Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
smog formed in teh presence of sunlight
When fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of ___________ and _______________.
sulfur and nitrogen
Smog results from chemical reactions that involve ___________, automobile exhaust, and ozone
sunlight
Which of the following would occur if Earth were not tilted relative to the plane of its orbit?
temperate regions would no longer have seasonal changes in climate
Acid precipitation can be traced back to
the burning of fossil fuels
The statement "It's hot and sunny today - the temperature is 88 degrees F at 11am" describes ______________________.
weather
During summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere experiences
winter
How long will it take for chlorofluorocarbons released from Earth's surface today to reach the stratospere
10 to 20 years
Damage to ________________ in cells of living organisms is caused by exposure to UV radiation.
DNA (genetic material)
The Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 and strengthened in 1990, gives the _______________________________ the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the United States.
EPA
The lower the pH number is, the more ____________________ a substance is; the higher the pH number is, the more _____________ a substance is.
acidic; basic
Normal precipitation is slightly ____________, because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the precipitation and forms ___________________.
acidic; carbonic acid
What best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region
the coastal side of the range usually has high levels of rain; a desert is often found on the inland side of the range; average temperatures are lower at high elevations than at the base of the mountains
Climate in a region is
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions
Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because
their chlorine atoms can destroy many stratospheric ozone molecules
a true statement about greenhouse gases is that they
trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth
Temperature inversions work to trap pollution when
warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward
Which of the following correctly states an observation that helps to explain circulation patterns in the atmosphere?
warm air rises and cools as it rises
Which of the following does not address how oceans affect climatic conditions on land?
water cools Earth because it reflects the most sunlight
