Environmental Science Chapter 12 & 13

The ________________________ is an international agreement that seeks to limit carbon dioxide emissions from developed countries.

Kyoto Protocol

The ______________________ is an international agreement that limits CFC production.

Montreal Protocol

Catalytic converters are required in ______________ to remove _______________ from car exhaust gases.

automobiles; pollutants

Which of the following contributes most of acid precipitation?

burning of fossil fuels

Which of the following gases is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?

carbon dioxide

The statement "Cool summers, cold winters with lots of snow - about 75 cm of precipitation each year" describes ________________.

climate

LaNina is what phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle

cold phase

Two-thirds of the sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by

electric power plants

Which of the following activites is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the united states?

electricity production

Most air pollution is produced by

fuel burning

The automobile's contribution to air pollution includes

fumes that escape when the gas tank is filled

A predicted increase in Earth's average temperature caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as _______________________.

global warming

Water vapor and carbon dioxide help trap heat in the atmosphere near the surface of Earth, so they re called ________________.

greenhouse gases

What pollutant forms when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays?

ground level ozone

Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature

increased polar ice mass

A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are

involved in the formation of acid precipitation

Ultraviolet radiation is particularly dangerous because

it can damage genetic material in cells

Latitude strongly influences climate because

more solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator than to the poles

The automobile's contribution to air pollution also includes

nitrogen oxides emitted in exhaust

The thinning of the ozone layer

occurs over both polar regions; is related to seasonal changes; will take many years to reverse

Which of the following statements related to global warming is not accurate

only fossil fuels, not living plants, release carbon dioxide when burned

Stratospheric ________________ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFCs.

ozone

Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?

pH 4.1

Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies are examples of __________________ winds

prevailing

If polar ice masses melt as a result of global warming, sea levels will ____________________.

rise

Which of the following is often used to remove poisonous gases from industrial emissions before they are released into the atmosphere?

scrubbers

All of the following are primary air pollutants except

smog

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?

smog formed in teh presence of sunlight

When fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of ___________ and _______________.

sulfur and nitrogen

Smog results from chemical reactions that involve ___________, automobile exhaust, and ozone

sunlight

Which of the following would occur if Earth were not tilted relative to the plane of its orbit?

temperate regions would no longer have seasonal changes in climate

Acid precipitation can be traced back to

the burning of fossil fuels

The statement "It's hot and sunny today - the temperature is 88 degrees F at 11am" describes ______________________.

weather

During summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere experiences

winter

How long will it take for chlorofluorocarbons released from Earth's surface today to reach the stratospere

10 to 20 years

Damage to ________________ in cells of living organisms is caused by exposure to UV radiation.

DNA (genetic material)

The Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 and strengthened in 1990, gives the _______________________________ the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the United States.

EPA

The lower the pH number is, the more ____________________ a substance is; the higher the pH number is, the more _____________ a substance is.

acidic; basic

Normal precipitation is slightly ____________, because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the precipitation and forms ___________________.

acidic; carbonic acid

What best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region

the coastal side of the range usually has high levels of rain; a desert is often found on the inland side of the range; average temperatures are lower at high elevations than at the base of the mountains

Climate in a region is

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions

Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because

their chlorine atoms can destroy many stratospheric ozone molecules

a true statement about greenhouse gases is that they

trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth

Temperature inversions work to trap pollution when

warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward

Which of the following correctly states an observation that helps to explain circulation patterns in the atmosphere?

warm air rises and cools as it rises

Which of the following does not address how oceans affect climatic conditions on land?

water cools Earth because it reflects the most sunlight