Environmental Test

oil shale is different from oil from petroleum because it is

is dispersed through rock

which of the following is false for nuclear power

its generation involves nuclear fusion reactions with radioactive uranium

Water flowing downhill has _____.

kinetic energy

wind is always moving and has

kinetic energy

Hydroelectric power utilizes the mechanical energy of rapidly flowing water to turn a turbine and generate electricity.

true

Oil is formed from buried dead organisms at high temperature and pressure

true

Steam turbine thermal power stations and geothermal power stations work on the same principle.

true

The likely source of heat for the largest geothermal plant in California is a large magma chamber.

true

The processing of natural gas is done to separate other chemicals from the pure natural gas

true

Wave power applications have to be able to withstand coastal storms and the corrosion of seawater.

true

biomass from which sugars are released and fermented create fuel

true

biomass is an energy resource formed of remains of plants and animals that lived recently

true

caustic soda and water are used to mine oil from tar sands

true

conduction is the process in which energy moves from a location of higher temperature to a location of lower temperature as heat

true

corn or algae can be processed to produce biofuels

true

crude oil is trapped between a porous rock layer and an impermeable layer.

true

in a car engine, gasoline burns to become gases, which expand when heated and move pistons to power the car.

true

nuclear power plants produce waste products that are harmful to the environment

true

oil shale extraction can affect the recreational value of the ecosystem in the mining area

true

petroleum is recovered through oil drilling

true

tar sands are rocky materials with very thick oil

true

the keystone xl pipeline is controversial because the oil it carries could cause environmental damage

true

which of the following is not a biomass energy source

tidal wave

Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is made of ancient, dead organisms

true

Coal that was formed through metamorphism burns more cleanly

true

Fracking has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years

true

Fracking increases the rate of natural gas discovery

true

Hydroelectric dams are a clean source of energy.

true

When gasoline burns, it turns into this

1. Carbon Dioxide 2. Water Vapor 3. Heat

What are the results of burning gasoline

1. Energy to power vehicles 2. air pollution 3. global warming 4. smog

Which of these requires oil?

1. Fertilizer 2. Wax 3. Plastic

natural gas is used

1. For cooking and heating in homes 2. Burned to generate heat for powering turbines

In what ways do dams change a river's ecosystem?

1. The area before the dam becomes a deep lake or reservoir and floods an area where there previously was just a river. 2. Fish and other river life might not be able to survive when the water flow is cut off.

why is algae considered a better option as a source of biofuel than corn

1. algae requires less land and energy to produce 2. algae can be grown in locations where crops cant 3. algae can thrive on waste

biomass can be converted into

1. biofuels 2. methane 3. ethanol

crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons which burn at different temperatures and produce

1. gasoline 2. heating oil 3. diesel

An advantage of wind power is

1. it does not release pollutants or greenhouse gases 2. it is plentiful in many places 3. the technology to harness wind energy is being developed rapidly

which of the following is an alternative source of fossil fuel

1. oil shale 2. tar sands

solar energy can be used for

1. providing energy to space station 2. providing electricity 3. heating water

what are some disadvantages of wind power

1. wind turbines are expensive and can wear out quickly 2. wind does not blow all the time, so either energy must be saved for later use or another energy must be available

Where does geothermal energy come from?

Earth's internal heat

How does burning coal make electricity

Heat boils water to make steam, spins turbines, turns generators, makes electricity

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of hydroelectric dams?

High emissions of carbon dioxide

The process of extracting natural gas by injecting liquid waste into deep wells is known as

Hydraulic Fracturing

California is the best developed location in the US for geothermal energy because

It is geologically active and heat sources are close to the surface.

Why are hydroelectric power plants and dams often located in mountainous areas?

The downward flow of water is what generates energy and mountains have streams flowing downward.

Unlike petroleum, geothermal energy can be used without processing. Why is this the case?

The hot water or steam can directly be used to make a turbine spin to generate energy.

Most coal in the United States, and worldwide, is this type

anthracite

What is the highest quality type of coal, used primarily for residential and commercial space heating

anthracite

to generate power uranium atoms in fuel rods

are hit by tiny particles so that they split apart

the fuel made by the processing of biomass is called ____

biofuel

which of the following sources of energy can be the result of recent photosynthesis

biomass

in which state is the altamont pass wind farm located

california

____ is a solid form of hydrocarbon

coal

heat is transferred from a liquid to an adjacent object through a process called

conduction

Geothermal energy can be used to

create electricity

What is coal made from

dead plant matter

Acquiring steam from geysers and hot springs can harm the environment.

false

Anthracite has the lowest carbon concentration and is the least desirable type of coal

false

Bituminous coal burns more cleanly than anthracite coal

false

Geothermal energy creates greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

false

Geothermal energy is a resource easily accessible throughout the world.

false

Natural gas is not a greenhouse gas

false

Petroleum can only be used as fuel.

false

The United States produces about one-half as much oil as it uses

false

The energy of waves and tides cannot be used to produce power.

false

although petroleum, coal, and natural gas will eventually run out, tar sands and oil shale will be available for centuries at no more cost than traditional sources of fossil fuels

false

plants are the only materials which constitute biomass

false

the number of tiny particles allowed to hit fuel rods in a nuclear power plant is unpredictable and spontaneous

false

water in a nuclear reactor is never heated

false

wind can be used to generate hydroelectricity because the moving air can spin a turbine

false

the sun is the source of energy in

fossil fuels

The source of solar power is nuclear

fusion

Before natural gas can be used it must

have toxic chemicals removed

Natural gas can be found with oil, but forms at ___ temperatures.

higher

sun's energy results from the fusion of

hydrogen

the considerations needed when using biomass for fuel include

many crops need fertilizers to grow which can become pollutants

Anthracite is this type of rock

metamorphic

Natural gas is mostly

methane

what is the source of the sun's energy

nuclear fusion

The water in the reservoir behind a dam has _____, while the water flowing downhill into a turbine has _____.

potential energy, kinetic energy

solar energy travels through the empty space between the sun and earth as

radiation

the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves through space is called

radiation

Geothermal energy is a type of _____ energy.

renewable

the energy in a nuclear power plant creates ___ which causes a turbine to spin.

steam

___ are rocky materials mixed with very thick oil

tar sands

what is a reason tar sands are strip-mined rather than pumped

tar sands are too thick to pump

Much of the concern about the dangers of fracking is due to

the chemicals that are in fracking fluids.

what is the source of heat for a solar panel

the sun

the sun's energy creates wind energy because the sun heats certain areas more than others, causing warm air to rise and other air to move in. this causes convection cells and the horizontal movement in those cells is called wind

true

thermal power stations involve the heating of water to create steam. a nuclear power plants falls under this category.

true

wind has been used for power for hundreds of years

true

wind power does not add any greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

true

which element is mined, processed, and concentrated into fuel rods to be used at nuclear power plants

uranium

which of the following is used in a nuclear reactor

uranium

the environmental consequences of obtaining energy from tar sands include

using a lot of water that must be heated, plus caustic chemicals

The wind blows strong through California mountain passes because

warm air in the inland valleys rises, sucking cool air across the pass from the ocean.

negative environmental consequences of nuclear power include

waste that is radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years

Why is water power a renewable resource?

water will always flow downhill due to gravity

one or more disadvantages of wind power are

windmills are expensive to build and maintain