Environmental Test
oil shale is different from oil from petroleum because it is
is dispersed through rock
which of the following is false for nuclear power
its generation involves nuclear fusion reactions with radioactive uranium
Water flowing downhill has _____.
kinetic energy
wind is always moving and has
kinetic energy
Hydroelectric power utilizes the mechanical energy of rapidly flowing water to turn a turbine and generate electricity.
true
Oil is formed from buried dead organisms at high temperature and pressure
true
Steam turbine thermal power stations and geothermal power stations work on the same principle.
true
The likely source of heat for the largest geothermal plant in California is a large magma chamber.
true
The processing of natural gas is done to separate other chemicals from the pure natural gas
true
Wave power applications have to be able to withstand coastal storms and the corrosion of seawater.
true
biomass from which sugars are released and fermented create fuel
true
biomass is an energy resource formed of remains of plants and animals that lived recently
true
caustic soda and water are used to mine oil from tar sands
true
conduction is the process in which energy moves from a location of higher temperature to a location of lower temperature as heat
true
corn or algae can be processed to produce biofuels
true
crude oil is trapped between a porous rock layer and an impermeable layer.
true
in a car engine, gasoline burns to become gases, which expand when heated and move pistons to power the car.
true
nuclear power plants produce waste products that are harmful to the environment
true
oil shale extraction can affect the recreational value of the ecosystem in the mining area
true
petroleum is recovered through oil drilling
true
tar sands are rocky materials with very thick oil
true
the keystone xl pipeline is controversial because the oil it carries could cause environmental damage
true
which of the following is not a biomass energy source
tidal wave
Coal is a solid fossil fuel that is made of ancient, dead organisms
true
Coal that was formed through metamorphism burns more cleanly
true
Fracking has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years
true
Fracking increases the rate of natural gas discovery
true
Hydroelectric dams are a clean source of energy.
true
When gasoline burns, it turns into this
1. Carbon Dioxide 2. Water Vapor 3. Heat
What are the results of burning gasoline
1. Energy to power vehicles 2. air pollution 3. global warming 4. smog
Which of these requires oil?
1. Fertilizer 2. Wax 3. Plastic
natural gas is used
1. For cooking and heating in homes 2. Burned to generate heat for powering turbines
In what ways do dams change a river's ecosystem?
1. The area before the dam becomes a deep lake or reservoir and floods an area where there previously was just a river. 2. Fish and other river life might not be able to survive when the water flow is cut off.
why is algae considered a better option as a source of biofuel than corn
1. algae requires less land and energy to produce 2. algae can be grown in locations where crops cant 3. algae can thrive on waste
biomass can be converted into
1. biofuels 2. methane 3. ethanol
crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons which burn at different temperatures and produce
1. gasoline 2. heating oil 3. diesel
An advantage of wind power is
1. it does not release pollutants or greenhouse gases 2. it is plentiful in many places 3. the technology to harness wind energy is being developed rapidly
which of the following is an alternative source of fossil fuel
1. oil shale 2. tar sands
solar energy can be used for
1. providing energy to space station 2. providing electricity 3. heating water
what are some disadvantages of wind power
1. wind turbines are expensive and can wear out quickly 2. wind does not blow all the time, so either energy must be saved for later use or another energy must be available
Where does geothermal energy come from?
Earth's internal heat
How does burning coal make electricity
Heat boils water to make steam, spins turbines, turns generators, makes electricity
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of hydroelectric dams?
High emissions of carbon dioxide
The process of extracting natural gas by injecting liquid waste into deep wells is known as
Hydraulic Fracturing
California is the best developed location in the US for geothermal energy because
It is geologically active and heat sources are close to the surface.
Why are hydroelectric power plants and dams often located in mountainous areas?
The downward flow of water is what generates energy and mountains have streams flowing downward.
Unlike petroleum, geothermal energy can be used without processing. Why is this the case?
The hot water or steam can directly be used to make a turbine spin to generate energy.
Most coal in the United States, and worldwide, is this type
anthracite
What is the highest quality type of coal, used primarily for residential and commercial space heating
anthracite
to generate power uranium atoms in fuel rods
are hit by tiny particles so that they split apart
the fuel made by the processing of biomass is called ____
biofuel
which of the following sources of energy can be the result of recent photosynthesis
biomass
in which state is the altamont pass wind farm located
california
____ is a solid form of hydrocarbon
coal
heat is transferred from a liquid to an adjacent object through a process called
conduction
Geothermal energy can be used to
create electricity
What is coal made from
dead plant matter
Acquiring steam from geysers and hot springs can harm the environment.
false
Anthracite has the lowest carbon concentration and is the least desirable type of coal
false
Bituminous coal burns more cleanly than anthracite coal
false
Geothermal energy creates greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
false
Geothermal energy is a resource easily accessible throughout the world.
false
Natural gas is not a greenhouse gas
false
Petroleum can only be used as fuel.
false
The United States produces about one-half as much oil as it uses
false
The energy of waves and tides cannot be used to produce power.
false
although petroleum, coal, and natural gas will eventually run out, tar sands and oil shale will be available for centuries at no more cost than traditional sources of fossil fuels
false
plants are the only materials which constitute biomass
false
the number of tiny particles allowed to hit fuel rods in a nuclear power plant is unpredictable and spontaneous
false
water in a nuclear reactor is never heated
false
wind can be used to generate hydroelectricity because the moving air can spin a turbine
false
the sun is the source of energy in
fossil fuels
The source of solar power is nuclear
fusion
Before natural gas can be used it must
have toxic chemicals removed
Natural gas can be found with oil, but forms at ___ temperatures.
higher
sun's energy results from the fusion of
hydrogen
the considerations needed when using biomass for fuel include
many crops need fertilizers to grow which can become pollutants
Anthracite is this type of rock
metamorphic
Natural gas is mostly
methane
what is the source of the sun's energy
nuclear fusion
The water in the reservoir behind a dam has _____, while the water flowing downhill into a turbine has _____.
potential energy, kinetic energy
solar energy travels through the empty space between the sun and earth as
radiation
the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves through space is called
radiation
Geothermal energy is a type of _____ energy.
renewable
the energy in a nuclear power plant creates ___ which causes a turbine to spin.
steam
___ are rocky materials mixed with very thick oil
tar sands
what is a reason tar sands are strip-mined rather than pumped
tar sands are too thick to pump
Much of the concern about the dangers of fracking is due to
the chemicals that are in fracking fluids.
what is the source of heat for a solar panel
the sun
the sun's energy creates wind energy because the sun heats certain areas more than others, causing warm air to rise and other air to move in. this causes convection cells and the horizontal movement in those cells is called wind
true
thermal power stations involve the heating of water to create steam. a nuclear power plants falls under this category.
true
wind has been used for power for hundreds of years
true
wind power does not add any greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
true
which element is mined, processed, and concentrated into fuel rods to be used at nuclear power plants
uranium
which of the following is used in a nuclear reactor
uranium
the environmental consequences of obtaining energy from tar sands include
using a lot of water that must be heated, plus caustic chemicals
The wind blows strong through California mountain passes because
warm air in the inland valleys rises, sucking cool air across the pass from the ocean.
negative environmental consequences of nuclear power include
waste that is radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years
Why is water power a renewable resource?
water will always flow downhill due to gravity
one or more disadvantages of wind power are
windmills are expensive to build and maintain