350 Unit 4
interaction F-test, simple effects LSDmmd test
A RH: about whether or not there is an interaction is tested by a/an __________, while a RH: about the pattern of that interaction is tested by a/an__________.
mediation analysis
A _____ is a 3-variable path analysis that seeks to explicate the mechanism that underlies the observed relationship between an IV and a DV.
main effect, interaction
A __________ RH: involves a single IV, while a __________ RH: involve both IVs.
main effect, interaction
A __________ RH: tells how one IV is expected to relate to the DV ignoring the other IV, while a __________ RH: tell the expected differences in how one IV relates to the DV for different conditions of the other IV.
descriptive, misleading
A __________ main effect RH: suggests that the effects of that IV are the same for all levels of the other IV, while a __________ main effect RH: suggests important differences between the effects of that IV at different levels of the other IV.
descriptive, misleading
A __________ main effect is the same for all conditions of the other IV, while a __________ main effect is different for different conditions of the other IV.
descriptive, misleading
A __________ main effect is unconditional or generalizable for different values of the other IV, while a __________ main effect is conditional or not generalizable for different values of the other IV.
correlation, path coefficient
A ______________ tells about the linear relationship between a specific predictor and a criterion, while a ______________ tells about the role of a specific variable in a structural model designed to explain a criterion.
direct, indirect
A ________________ effect is when X causes Y, while a _________________ is when X causes Z which, in turn causes Y.
meta analysis
A ____________________ is a way of increasing the power to find a significant relationship between variables by combing the results of multiple studies.
measured, manifested
A variable is _____ when data are collected to represent it, while a variable is _____ when it that variable "came into being" and could have a causal influence on other variables.
associative, causal
A/an __________ effect RH: states whether or not there is a statistical relationship between one IV and the DV, while a/an __________ effect RH: states that the DV value is a direct result of the value of that IV.
associative interaction, causal interaction
A/an __________ effect RH: states whether or not there is a statistical relationship between the combination of the IVs and the DV, while a/an __________ effect RH: states that the DV value is a direct result of the value of the combination of IV conditions.
main effect F-test, simple effect LSDmmd test
A/an __________ is used to determine if there is an interaction, while a __________ is used to determine the pattern of a significant interaction.
non-parallel, cross-over
All interaction patterns will be identified using the __________ lines rule, while the most common interaction patterns in behavioral sciences will be missed by the __________ lines rule.
main, simple, interaction
Differences between marginal means are __________ effects, differences between cell means are __________ effects, and differences between simple effect are __________ effects.
meta analysis
In a _______________________ the effect size of a study is the "DV" while an attribute on which studies differ is the "IV".
criterion, residual
In the formula r=y - y', y is the _____ score and r is the _____ score.
predicted criterion, predictor
In the formula y'=bx + a, y' is the __________ score and x is the _____ score.
combine effects, compare effects
Most commonly, meta analyses are used to __________________ from multiple studies, but it is also possible to use meta analyses to _________________ of similar studies that are conducted differently.
main effect F-tests, simple effect LSDmmd tests
RH: about marginal means are tested using __________, while RH: about the pattern of an interaction are tested using __________.
misleading, descriptive
Telling the expected pattern of a __________main effect RH: involves a single IV, while telling the expected pattern of a __________ main effect RH: is essentially the same as describing an interaction.
R2, F-test
The ____ is used to determine how well the model works, while the ____ is used to determine if the model works.
residual, criterion, predicted criterion
The _____ is the difference between the _____ score and the ________ score.
criterion, predictor
The _____ is the variable for which we cannot readily get data, and so, must instead obtain and use an estimate, while the _____ is the variable for which we can readily obtain data.
predictor, criterion
The _____ is used to estimate the value of the _____.
predictor, predicted criterion
The _____ score is used to compute the ___________ score.
main, marginal
The direction or pattern of the __________ effect of a single IV is described by looking at the __________ means.
simple, cell
The direction or pattern of the __________ effect of one IV at different levels of the other IV is described by looking at the __________ means.
F-test, R2
The significance test for a multiple regression is the ____, while the effect size for a multiple regression is the ____.
cell, marginal
There are four __________ means in a 2x2 factorial design and two __________ for each IV.
non-parallel, cross-over
Using the __________ lines rule will consistently identify interactions, while using the __________ lines rule will miss many interaction patterns.
associative, causal
We can always test a/an __________ effect RH:, while testing a/an __________ effect RH: requires that the conditions of that IV were randomly assigned, properly manipulated and there was good experimental control.
combine effects, compare effects
We use meta analyses to _______________________ to see if results are replicable, while use meta analyses to _____________________ to see if results are convergent across alternative ways of running the study.
b, a
____ is the slope of the bivariate regression line, while a _____is the y-intercept of the bivariate regression line.
R2, r2
____ summarizes the fit of the multiple regression model to the criterion, while ____ summarizes the fit of the predictor to the criterion.
suppressor, colinearity
_____ effects occur when a predictor that is not correlated with the criterion does contribute to a multiple regression model, while ______ effects occur when a predictor that is correlated with the criterion does not contribute to a multiple regression model.
r, b, multivariate b
_____ is obtained from a correlation analysis, ____ is obtained from a bivariate regression analysis and _____ is obtained from a multiple regression analysis.
multiple regression, path analysis
_____ tells about the linear relationship between a specific predictor and a criterion, while ______ tells about the role of a specific variable in a structural model designed to explain a criterion.
b, a
_____ tells the direction and extent of the expected change in the criterion for a 1-unit increase in the value of the predictor, while _____ tells the expected value of the criterion when the value of the predictor is zero.
r, b, multivariate b
_____ tells the direction and strength of the relationship between the two variables, _____ tells the direction and extent of the expected change in the criterion for a 1-unit increase in the value of the single predictor, while _____ tells the direction and extent of the expected change in the criterion for a 1-unit increase in the value of that predictor, holding the value of all other predictors that are in the model constant.
r2, R2
_____ tells the variance shared between the single predictor and the criterion, while ____ tells how much variance in the criterion is accounted for by the multiple regression model.
path analysis, multiple regression
_______ examines the structural model among those predictors and the criterion, while _____ examines the unique contribution of each of several predictors to understanding a criterion.
path analysis, multiple regression
_________ tells about the role of a specific variable in a structural model designed to explain a criterion, while ________ tells about the linear relationship between a specific predictor and a criterion.
main effect, interaction
__________ F-tests are used to determine if a single IV is related to the DV, while __________ F-tests are used to determine if the combination of IVs is related to the DV.
main effect, simple effect LSDmmd
__________ F-tests compare marginal means, while __________ tests compare cell means.
main effect, interaction
__________ F-tests tell if the marginal means of one IV are significantly different, while __________ F-tests tell if the simple effects of one IV are significantly different at different levels of the other IV.
F-tests, LSDmmd tests
__________ are used to test if main effects and interactions are significant, while __________ are used to determine if the main effects are descriptive and to describe the pattern of a significant interaction.
interactions, simple
__________ effects between two IVs as they related to the DV are described by examining __________ effect.
colinearity, suppressor
__________ effects occur when a predictor that is correlated with the criterion does not contribute to a multiple regression model, while a __________ effects occur when a predictor that is correlated with the criterion has a multiple regression weight that is the opposite sign.
main, marginal
__________ effects of a single IV are described by examining ___________________ means.
simple, cell
__________ effects of one IV at different levels of the other IV are described by examining the ______ means.
main, simple, interaction
__________ effects tell how one IV relates to the DV ignoring the other IV, __________ effects tell how one IV relates to the DV for a specific condition of the other IV, and __________ effects tell the differences in how one IV relates to the DV for different conditions of the other IV.
cell, marginal
__________ means are from participants who are in a specific combination of IV conditions, __________ means are from all the participants in a specific condition of one IV.
F-tests, LSDmmd tests
__________ require us to compare the p-value with .05, while __________ require us to compare the critical mean difference with the obtained cell mean difference.
bivariate, multivariate
__________ research involves only one "IV" and one "DV," while __________ research involves a "DV" and multiple "IVs".
