environmental test MC #1

All recolonizing species use which of the following processes to acquire food?

Photosynthesis

Which statement below best explains why the mountain became half the size as it was millions of years ago?

Wind and water could have broken the solid rock of the mountain gradually every day, which after millions of years could have made the mountain half the height it used to be

Clouds usually form when...

air temperature reaches the dewpoint

Prior to the 1650s, the wood bison population in North America remained close to the carrying capacity of its habitat. The generalized growth curve and the reproductive strategy of the wood bison were, respectively,

an S-curve and K selection

An example of a biological control against insects is the use of...

sex hormones

Which is a biotic factor operating within an ecosystem?

the carnivores that consume other animals

The cross section below represents a prevailing wind flow that causes different climates on the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range. Compared to the temperature and moisture of the air rising on the windward side, the temperature and moisture of the air descending at the same altitude on the leeward side will be:

warmer and drier

Which pair of compounds can be classified as inorganic?

water and salts

Which of the following statement is False? Pesticides used in the 1800's and early 1900's...

were synthetic organic chemicals

Suppose researchers marked 800 turtles and later were able to trap a total of 300 individuals in that population, of which 150 were marked. What is the estimate for total population size? Population estimate P, N1 = # of individuals marked initially, N2 = # of individuals in the recapture sample, M = # of marked individuals in the recaptured sample. P = (N1 x N2)/M

1600

Interspecific competition matches with letter ______

A. Elk and deer compete with wood bison for food and living space

Region largely responsible for the weather at Earth's surface

A. Troposphere

Region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere

A. Troposphere

Parasitism matches with letter ______

B. Many wood bison are infected with tuberculosis or brucellosis bacteria

Region where the majority of the protective ozone layer is located

B. Stratosphere

Most of the nitrogen in forest soil normally comes from

Bacteria that can carry out nitrogen fixation

Which of the following statements is the main reason why any place at the equator is much warmer than the North Pole?

Because the sun is more directly overhead at the equator than at the North Pole, the sunlight is more intense

A pesticide, DDT, is used in this food chain in the amount of 0.005 ppm. When local scientists take samples from several sharks, they find in the shark tissue the level of DDT at 5000 ppm. What is the best explanation for the drastic change?

Biomagnification

Below are age structure diagrams of three populations. Which of the age structure population pyramids show slow growth?

C

Intraspecific competition matches with letter ______

C. Smaller wood bison compete with larger wood bison for food and living space

A greenhouse gas that is exclusively anthropogenic...

CCl2F2

A disease kills all of the robins in this area. It does not kill any other plants or animals. If the size of the fox population stays the same, which population of organisms will increase after the robins die? Use only the relationships between the plants and animals shown in the diagram.

Caterpillars

The graph below shows the average monthly temperatures for two cities, A and B, which are both located at 41° north latitude. Which statement best explains the difference in the average yearly temperature range for the two cities?

City B is located near a large body of water

In which biome would you find plants that are deep, dark green growing in relatively rich soil?

Coniferous forest

In the figure below, which of the following survivorship curves most applies to humans living in developed countries?

Curve A

In the figure for #43, which of the following survivorship curves most applies to plant species?

Curve C

Commensalism matches with letter ______

D. Grazing by wood bison provides more suitable digging conditions for prairie dogs

Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure

D. Thermosphere

Events that take place in a biome are shown in the diagram below. Which of the following processes are best represented by the diagram?

Decomposers release a material that is acted on by other organisms

The most abundant nonanthropogenic greenhouse gas...

H2O

Which of the following organisms in this population are secondary consumers?

Herring

Which assumptions have to be made when applying the mark-recapture estimate of population size? I. Marked and unmarked individuals have the same probability of being trapped. II. The marked individuals have thoroughly mixed with the population after being marked. III. No individuals have entered or left the population by immigration or emigration, and no individuals have been added by birth or eliminated by death during the course of the estimate.

I, II, and III

Most organisms were unable to live in the area for the first six months after the eruption. Which of the following changes most likely needed to occur in the area so that organisms could return there?

Increase in soil nutrients

Nitrogen is one of the most important components of fertilizer. The other two major components of fertilizer are...

K and P

64. Toxins in the food chain are magnified as you go to higher and higher trophic levels. This is because...

Many toxins are not cleared from tissues, so each animal that eats another retains a relatively small percentage of the carbon, nitrogen, etc but 100% of the toxins

Which of the following is REQUIRED for the process of natural selection to occur?

Members of the same species must compete with one another

Pioneer species are the first species to take hold in a barren area after a disaster has occurred. Based on the data, most of the pioneer species in this area were which of the following types of organisms?

Mosses

Most of the nitrogen in the world is found as _____ in the _____.

N2 - atmosphere

A greenhouse gas that, in the lower troposphere, is formed by photochemical reactions...

O3

The process in which pioneer organisms colonize bare substrate such as rock, glacial till or sand is known as...

Primary Succession

The recolonization of this area by algae, mosses, ferns, and seed plants reestablished which trophic level in the devastated ecosystem?

Producer

Which of the following statements is true about Place 1 compared to Place 2 on any day of the year?

Some times of year the number of hours of daylight is higher at at Place 1 and other times it is higher at Place 2, but the maximum intensity of sunlight during a day is always higher at Place 2 than at Place 1

A new species that eats only foxes becomes part of this food web. Using only the relationships between the plants and animals shown in the diagram below right which of the following could happen because of this change?

The number of robins could increase, and the number of caterpillars could decrease

If the herring population is reduced by predation, which of the following is most likely to occur in this marine ecosystem?

The plankton population will be reduced over the next year

Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues?

The troposphere will contain more water vapor

Predatory insects are likely to be more severely affected by pesticide treatments than the plant- eating insects because...

They receive a higher dose through the food chain

In which biome would you find epiphytes, lianas(vines) and understory plants with large leaf surfaces?

Tropical rainforest

In which biome would you expect to find either: corn, soybeans, wheat or cattle?

X

A population is a group of individuals of the same species. Can the proportion of individuals with certain traits in a population change because the environment changes?

Yes, when the environment changes, individuals with certain inherited traits survive and reproduce. Other individuals with different inherited traits die, and this changes the proportion of individuals with certain traits in a population.

Which biome has little precipitation, shallow roots, is very fragile and has a very short growing season?

Z

If excessive amounts of hot water are discharged into a lake, the immediate result will most likely be...

a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the lake

Resistance can occur in pests with repeated pesticide use. A similar situation can happen with...

antibiotic use and bacterial infections

Hunting of the bison for meat and hides by First Nations people helped maintain the bison population near the carrying capacity of its habitat by increasing the...

environmental resistance

Which choice below is an example of a marine ecosystem?

estuary

What is an organic compound found in most cells?

glucose

Scientists believe the decrease in salmon population in south-central Alaska is caused by the Northern pike's...

immigration, causing an increase in mortality

The most significant reason for loss of N in the soil is...

leaching

The scientists predicted that trees in the Fabaceae group, (also called Leguminosae or bean and pea family) could be negatively impacted by an increase in soil nitrogen because they...

lose their competitive advantage as nitrogen-fixers

A logical conclusion that can be drawn from the graphs above is developed countries have ____

lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries

The side diagram shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of an ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that...

modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life

Which of the following organisms has the largest biomass in this food chain?

phytoplankton

Which of the following would have the biggest impact on achieving global sustainability?

reducing human population size

In the course of using chemical pesticides, such as DDT, it was observed that certain species of insects which had not previously caused significant harm became serious pests. This phenomenon is known as...

resurgence

Which pair are naturally occuring polymers?

starch and cellulose

How do plants utilize the nitrogen that is absorbed?

the nitrogen is used to build proteins

The best explanation for the above mentioned phenomenon is that...

the pesticide killed off predators which had previously held this species in check

Which radioactive isotope was used to establish the geological time scale?

uranium-238