ENVS 1126 ED Laws Exam 1

A bag of fertilizer is labeled 12-20-15. This label tells you that the percentage of organic matter in the fertilizer is 12% 20% 15% Can't tell

Can't tell

Which one of the following is not an example of a parasite? Cattle egret Mistletoe Sea lamprey Athlete's foot fungus

Cattle egret

Amensalism is an example of Commensalism Symbiosis Predation Competition

Commensalism

Which one of the following nations has the greatest abundance of phosphate rock? Morocco United States China India

Morocco

Nitrogen-fixing organisms convert which one of the following forms of nitrogen into a form that can be used by all photosynthetic organisms? Nitrogen gas (N2) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Nitric oxide (NO) Urea

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Which one of the following accounts for the fact that the abundance of mangroves along the Louisiana coast has increased dramatically in the last 20 years? Warmer winters Warmer summers Planting of seedlings by environmentalists Higher nutrient concentrations in the Mississippi River due to runoff of fertilizer in the midwest

Warmer winters

chapter 4 : Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. If the Atlantic Ocean is now about 4500 kilometers wide, how fast has the width of the Atlantic Ocean been increasing during the last 225 million years Select one: a. 2 centimeters per year b. 2 meters per year c. 2 millimeters per year d. 20 centimeters per year

a. 2 centimeters per year

Which one of the following is the definition of a biome? Select one: a. A large area of Earth's surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation b. The individuals of a certain species that live within a given area c. A cluster of interacting ecosystems like forests, open meadows, and rivers together d. An interactive complex of communities and the abiotic environment affecting them within a particular area

a. A large area of Earth's surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation

The gradual decrease of global average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 was caused by Select one: a. Aerosols emitted by coal-burning power plants b. Milankovitch cycles c. Change in albedo of the Arctic Ocean d. sunspot cycles

a. Aerosols emitted by coal-burning power plants

he greatest decreases of forest area between 1990 and 2010 occurred in Select one: a. Africa and South America b. China and Africa c. North America and China d. South America and North America

a. Africa and South America

Which one of the following is not an example of a mechanism to escape predation? Select one: a. Exotic plumage of peacock b. Thorns on a plant c. Bad smell of skunk d. Speed of rabbit

a. Exotic plumage of peacock

Which of the following countries are continuing commercial whaling despite the 1986 moratorium on whaling imposed by the International Whaling Commission? Select one: a. Japan and Norway b. Norway and Iceland c. Iceland and Spain d. Spain and Japan

a. Japan and Norway

Which one of the following is not an example of a species that has become invasive? Select one: a. buffalo b. house cat c. water hyacinths d. starling

a. buffalo

The cost/benefit ratio associated with the implementation of environmental regulations Select one: a. decreases with time b. Initially decreases with time, goes through a minimum, and then increases c. Initially increases with time, goes through a maximum, and then decreases d. increases with time

a. decreases with time

Which of the following types of organisms are both consumers? Select one: a. herbivores and carnivores b. chemosynthetic bacteria and plants c. plants and herbivores d. carnivores and chemosynthetic bacteria

a. herbivores and carnivores

In regions where various types of vegetation coexist and compete, periodic fires do not tip the balance in favor of Select one: a. oak trees b. redwood trees c. grasses d. pine trees

a. oak trees

chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights are associated with the Tragedy of the Commons? Select one: a. open access b. private ownership c. state ownership d. communal ownership

a. open access

Which one of the following is not one of the three main trophic categories? Select one: a. transformer b. consumer c. decomposer d. producer

a. transformer

Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium? Select one: a. Predation b. Drought c. Disease d. Food supply

b. Drought

Which one of the following is not one of the three major components of a nation's capital that determines its wealth? Select one: a. natural capital b. Financial capital c. intangible capital d. produced capital

b. Financial capital

Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics? Select one: a. I, II, and III b. I and III c. I and II d. II and III

b. I and III

Which one of the following statements is true? Select one: a. R-strategists have high biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time b. R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time c. R-strategists have low biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time d. R-strategists have low biotic potential and good recruitment most of the time

b. R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time

Deterioration of which of the following ecosystems has been attributed in part to extensive changes of the inputs of water to or withdrawals of water from the system? Select one: a. Lake Erie and Chesapeake Bay b. Rio Grande River and Florida Everglades c. Chesapeake Bay and Rio Grande River d. Florida Everglades and Lake Erie

b. Rio Grande River and Florida Everglades

Which one of the following is an example of an ecotone? Select one: a. Grassland b. Salt marsh c. Deciduous forest d. Lake Erie

b. Salt marsh

Which one of the following species is currently protected under the auspices of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Select one: a. Lake Erie water snake b. whooping crane c. Peregrine falcon d. Bald eagle

b. whooping crane

he ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 2 is 4 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 5? Select one: a. 144 b. 72 c. 108 d. 36

c. 108

A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now? Select one: a. 300 b. 200 c. 400 d. 500

c. 400

Which one of the following is not an example of mutualism? Select one: a. Bees and flowering plants b. Plants and fungi that grow on their roots c. Cattle egrets and water buffalo d. Lichens

c. Cattle egrets and water buffalo

Which of the following countries have centrally planned economies? Select one: a. Russia and Cuba b. North Korea and China c. Cuba and North Korea d. China and Russia

c. Cuba and North Korea

Which one of the following is not an example of consumptive use? Select one: a. Fruits and nuts are collected to supplement the food needs of local people b. Wild game is killed to provide food for a family c. Fish are caught and sold on the international market d. Firewood is collected to boil water and cook food

c. Fish are caught and sold on the international market

: Rosy periwinkles produce two compounds that have been used to treat Select one: a. dementia b. depression c. childhood leukemia d. pancreatic cancer

c. childhood leukemia

Which one of the following non-sustainable practices of the Easter Islanders led to their downfall? Select one: a. consumption of rats as a source of protein b. overdrafting of aquifers to irrigate crops c. deforestation d. overfishing

c. deforestation

Of the CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere as a result of human activities since the start of the industrial revolution, approximately what percentage is currently in the atmosphere? Select one: a. 25 b. 90 c.50 d. 75

c.50

Which one of the following countries has the highest fertility rate? Select one: a. Italy b. China c. Canada d. United States

d. United States

In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is Select one: a. Anti-fungicide coating on seed grain b. Catalyst for production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide c. Thermometers and barometers d. dental fillings

d. dental fillings

The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are Select one: a. wheat, corn, and soybeans b. soybeans, rice, and wheat c. corn, soybeans, and rice d. rice, wheat, and corn

d. rice, wheat, and corn