epidemiology and public health

it can be loosely defined as the study of disease

epidemiology

where do germs live

people, animals, food, soil, water

it is the number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period

period prevalence

is the number of cases of a disease existing in given population at a particular moment in time

point prevalence

the germ then needs to find a way into another person

portal of entry

this can be through the eyes mouth hangs open wants an any tubes put in the body such as catheter or feeding tube

portal of entry

it is when the germ then needs to find a way out of the infected person so it can spread

portal of exit

this can be on a person for example in the respiratory tract or an equipment environment on food or water

reservoir

this is where the germ lives and grows

reservoir

what are the major steps in water treatment

sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, and chlorination

humans acquired from animal source are called

zoonotic diseases

what are the six components in the infectious disease process

1- pathogen 2- reservoir (source) 3- portal of exit 4- mode of transmission (spreading) 5- portal of entry 6- susceptible host

is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

communicable disease

is a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person to person

contagious disease

modes of transmission

direct skin-to-skin contact etc

is one that always present within the population of a particular geographic area example gonorrhea

endemic disease

is defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in particular region usually within a short period of time example the legionnnaires disease epidemic of 1976

epidemic disease

it also develop ways to prevent control or eradicate disease in populations

epidemiologist

it is to study the factors that determine the frequency distribution and determinants of diseases in human populations

epidemiologist

in animate objects capable of transmitting pathogens

fomites

reservoirs of infection

human carries passive carries active carries animals

common infectious and care hormones are respiratory such as colds and flu and stomach bugs like lagi lagi norovirus and clostridiodes

infectious agent

once the term is out it can spread from one person to another by hands or on equipment such as commode in the air by coughing or contact with body fluids and blood

mode of transmission

is the ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period for a specified population

mortality rate

how germs get out

mouth cats in skin during diapering & toileting stools

how germs get in

mouth, cuts in skin, eyes

is a disease that is occurring and epidemic proportion in many countries simultaneously

pandemic

waze out can be from sickness and diarrhea and through the nose and mouth from sneezing and coughing

portal of exit

is one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area example tetanus

sporadic disease

infectious also spread quickly in care homes due to many residents living closely together

susceptible host

this is the person who is at risk of infection because they are an able to fight the infection this could be residents staff or visitors

susceptible host

when arthropods are involved in transmission of infectious diseases they are referred to as

vectors

is tested for contamination by checking were the persons of coliform bacteria

water

it is the most essential resource for the survival of humanity

water

may be acquired by direct contact with an animal inhalation or ingestion of the pathogen or injection of the pathogen by an arthropod

zoonoses

disease that humans acquire from animal sources

zoonotic disease