epidemiology and public health
it can be loosely defined as the study of disease
epidemiology
where do germs live
people, animals, food, soil, water
it is the number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period
period prevalence
is the number of cases of a disease existing in given population at a particular moment in time
point prevalence
the germ then needs to find a way into another person
portal of entry
this can be through the eyes mouth hangs open wants an any tubes put in the body such as catheter or feeding tube
portal of entry
it is when the germ then needs to find a way out of the infected person so it can spread
portal of exit
this can be on a person for example in the respiratory tract or an equipment environment on food or water
reservoir
this is where the germ lives and grows
reservoir
what are the major steps in water treatment
sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, and chlorination
humans acquired from animal source are called
zoonotic diseases
what are the six components in the infectious disease process
1- pathogen 2- reservoir (source) 3- portal of exit 4- mode of transmission (spreading) 5- portal of entry 6- susceptible host
is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
communicable disease
is a communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person to person
contagious disease
modes of transmission
direct skin-to-skin contact etc
is one that always present within the population of a particular geographic area example gonorrhea
endemic disease
is defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in particular region usually within a short period of time example the legionnnaires disease epidemic of 1976
epidemic disease
it also develop ways to prevent control or eradicate disease in populations
epidemiologist
it is to study the factors that determine the frequency distribution and determinants of diseases in human populations
epidemiologist
in animate objects capable of transmitting pathogens
fomites
reservoirs of infection
human carries passive carries active carries animals
common infectious and care hormones are respiratory such as colds and flu and stomach bugs like lagi lagi norovirus and clostridiodes
infectious agent
once the term is out it can spread from one person to another by hands or on equipment such as commode in the air by coughing or contact with body fluids and blood
mode of transmission
is the ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period for a specified population
mortality rate
how germs get out
mouth cats in skin during diapering & toileting stools
how germs get in
mouth, cuts in skin, eyes
is a disease that is occurring and epidemic proportion in many countries simultaneously
pandemic
waze out can be from sickness and diarrhea and through the nose and mouth from sneezing and coughing
portal of exit
is one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area example tetanus
sporadic disease
infectious also spread quickly in care homes due to many residents living closely together
susceptible host
this is the person who is at risk of infection because they are an able to fight the infection this could be residents staff or visitors
susceptible host
when arthropods are involved in transmission of infectious diseases they are referred to as
vectors
is tested for contamination by checking were the persons of coliform bacteria
water
it is the most essential resource for the survival of humanity
water
may be acquired by direct contact with an animal inhalation or ingestion of the pathogen or injection of the pathogen by an arthropod
zoonoses
disease that humans acquire from animal sources
zoonotic disease
