EPS 601 Chapter 4 (Psychoanalytic Theory, study guide)

14. What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages? a. Anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral b. Oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital c. Oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic d. Latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital

B. Oral/ anal/ phallic/ latency/ genital Reasoning: The correct sequence of the psychosexual stages is oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital. See "Erikson's Psychosocial Perspective."

26. A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using: a. Introjection. b. Sublimation. c. Denial. d. Compensation.

C. Denial Reference: page 62

23. The interpretation process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood. True or False

False For more information on this topic, see "Relationship Between Therapist and Client" in the text

22. Psychodynamic therapists assume an anonymous stance, called the "blank screen" approach, as a necessary way to foster transference. True or False

False For more information on this topics, see "Therapist's Function and Role" in the text

27. The interpretation process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood. True or False

False References: "Relationship Between Therapist and Client"

74. Resistance, in the analytic view, results from either a conscious unwillingness on the part of the client to cooperate, or from the ineptness of the therapist in developing a sound therapeutic program.​ True or False

False Reference page 75

77. The relational model of psychoanalysis downplays the role of countertransference.​ True or False

False Reference page 80

56. The ego is the original structure of personality.​ True or False

False Reference: page 59

60. According to Freud, consciousness constitutes the largest part of one's psychological functioning.​ True or False

False Reference: page 61

61. Ego-defense mechanisms, by their very nature, imply psychopathology.​ True or False

False Reference: page 61

63. The major developmental task of the anal stage is acquiring a sense of trust.​ True or False

False Reference: page 65

66. The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.​ True or False

False Reference: page 65

68. The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex are associated with the genital stage of development.​ True or False

False Reference: page 65

69. Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffective intervention on the therapist's part. True or False

False Reference: page 70

80. Psychodynamic group leaders do not interpret their client's transferences. ​ True or False

False Reference: page 76

In psychodynamic group work, symbolic figures from a client's past may emerge True or False

True For more information on this topic, see "Application to Group Counseling" in the text

21. The psychodynamic model offers a conceptual framework for understanding the history of the members of a group and a way of thinking about how their past is affecting them now in the group and in their everyday lives. True Or False

True For more information on this topic, see "Application to Group Counseling" in the text.

25. Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior and understanding the origins and functions of present symptoms True or False

True For more information on this topic, see "summary" in the text

81. The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood.​ True or False

True Reference: Page 70

75. The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.​ True or False

True Reference page 75

78. Brief psychodynamic therapies target specific interpersonal problems during the initial session.​ True or False

True Reference page 83

57. The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.​ True or False

True Reference: page 59

59. Freud postulated the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.​ True or False

True Reference: page 59

64. During the anal stage, children typically experience a range of negative feelings, including rage, hate, and hostility.​ True or False

True Reference: page 65

65. According to Freudians, greediness and hoarding may develop as a result of not getting oral needs properly met.​ True or False

True Reference: page 65

67. The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.​ True or False

True Reference: page 65

70. Typically, analytically oriented therapists assume an anonymous stance, which is sometimes called the "blank screen" approach, as a necessary way to foster transference.​ True or False

True Reference: page 67

58. Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and engage in fewer supportive interventions than is the case with psychodynamic therapists.​ True or False

True Reference: page 68

71. Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.​ True or False

True Reference: page 68

72. Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences. True or False

True Reference: page 68

73. Clients in analytic therapy typically free associate to various symbols in their dreams.​ True or False

True Reference: page 74

62. Freud postulated the theory of sexuality.​ True or False

True Reference: page 77

79. Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.​ True or False

True Reference: page 83

76. The relational model of psychoanalysis regards therapy as an interactive process between the client and therapist.​ True or False

True reference page 80

41. According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves: ​ a. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. b. Initiative vs. guilt. c. Identity vs. role confusion. d. Trust vs. mistrust.

a. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Reference: page 65

52. Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?​ a. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased. b. Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work. c. Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these reactions. d. It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.

a. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased. Reference: Page 71

53. Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders? ​ a. Narcissistic b. Dependent c. Borderline d.​Obsessive-compulsive

a. Narcissistic Reference: page 81

8. A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is a. Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. b. Psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy. c. Superego-oriented psychotherapy. d. Psychoanalytic behavior analysis.

a. Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. Reasoning: A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. See "View of Human Nature."

28. Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as: ​ a. Rationalization. b. Projection. c. Displacement. d. Introjection.

a. Rationalization. Reference: page 62

47. In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:​ a. Reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts. b. Replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk. c. Make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan. d. Increase their support networks and develop social interest.

a. Reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.

49. All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except: a. They should be avoided. b. They have the potential to interfere with effective treatment. c. They can provide rich understanding of the client's experience. d. They should be carefully monitored by the therapist.

a. They should be avoided. Reference: Page 71

46. Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from "making the unconscious conscious" to:​ a. "making the ego conscious." b. "where there was id, let there be ego." c. "get rid of the id, kid!" d. "may the force be within you."

b. "where there was id, let there be ego." Reference: page 60

4. Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the a. Oral stage. b. Anal stage. c. Phallic stage. d. Genital stage.

b. Anal stage. Reasoning: Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the anal stage. See "Development of Personality."

30. The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as: ​ a. Sublimation. b. Compensation. c. Introjection. d. Reaction formation.

b. Compensation. Reference: Page 63

2. A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense? a. Displacement b. Reaction formation c. Introjection d. Projection

b. Reaction formation Reasoning: A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using reaction formation. See "Ego-Defense Mechanisms."

13. Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways? a. To refer to the death instincts b. To refer to the energy of all the life instincts c. To refer to sexual abuse d. To account for the aggressive drive

b. To refer to the energy of all the life instincts Reasoning: Freud used the term libido to refer to the energy of all the life instincts. See "View of Human Nature."

6. A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is a. Openness and self-disclosure. b. A deeply personal and sharing relationship. c. A sense of being anonymous. d. A focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.

c. A sense of being anonymous. Reasoning: A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is a sense of being anonymous. See "Therapist's Function and Role."

35. A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is: ​ a. Openness and self-disclosure. b. A deeply personal and sharing relationship. c. A sense of being anonymous. d. A focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.

c. A sense of being anonymous. Reference: Page 67

54. A person with a __________ personality disorder is characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate anxiety.​ a. Narcissistic b. Dependent c. Borderline d. Obsessive-Compulsive

c. Borderline

36. The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to: ​ a. Explore sources of childhood trauma. b. Deal exclusively with a single presenting problem. c. Change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others. d. Bring about catharsis.

c. Change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others. Reference: page 83

12. In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels a. He has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code. b. A realistic threat is present in the environment. c. He will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately. d. Guilt associated with past actions.

c. He will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately. Reasoning: In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately. See "Structure of Personality."

15. In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is a. Intimacy versus isolation. b. Integrity versus despair. c. Identity versus role confusion. d. Initiative versus guilt.

c. Identity versus role confusion. Reasoning: In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is identity versus role confusion. See "Erikson's Psychosocial Perspective."

38. All of the following are true about the superego except: ​ a. It is the judicial branch of personality. b. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society. c. It governs, controls and regulates the personality. d. It inhibits id impulses.

c. It governs, controls and regulates the personality. Reference: Page 60

37. The main function of the ego is to: ​ a. Inhibit id impulses. b. Seek pleasure in life. c. Mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment. d. Strive for perfection.

c. Mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment. Reference: Page 59

7. The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is a. Forming a contract with the therapist. b. Willingness to do "homework assignments." c. Participating in free association. d. Writing down dreams.

c. Participating in free association. Reasoning: The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is participating in free association. See "Client's Experience in Therapy."

3. Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the a. Oral stage. b. Anal stage. c. Phallic stage. d. Genital stage.

c. Phallic stage. Reasoning: Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the phallic stage. See "Development of Personality."

42. The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during: ​ a. School age. b. Early childhood age. c. Preschool age. d. Adolescence.

c. Preschool age. Reference: Page 65

20. All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except a. Individuation. b. The shadow. c. Symbiosis. d. Collective unconscious.

c. Symbiosis. Reasoning: Individuation, shadow, and collective unconscious are part of Jung's view of development. See "Jung's Perspective on the Development of Personality."

50. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?​ a. The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous. b. The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment. c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile. d. The client is encouraged to use "solution talk" and avoid talking about problems.

c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile. Reference: page 68

34. Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilty feelings?​ a. The id b. The ego c. The superego d. The consciousness

c. The superego Reference: Page 60

39. Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision?​ a. The id b. The ego c. The superego d. The unconscious

c. The superego Reference: Page 60

48. Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?​ a. Use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship b. Targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session c. The therapist functioning as a blank slate d. Developing a strong working alliance

c. The therapist functioning as a blank slate Reference: Page 83

55. The range of emotionally charged responses such as withdrawal, anger, love, annoyance, powerlessness, avoidance, overidentification, control, and sadness of the therapist are often associated with:​ a. Transference. b. Working-through. c. Interpretation. d. Countertransference.

d. Countertransference. Reference: page 71

11. Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as a. Sublimation. b. Repression. c. Introjection. d. Displacement.

d. Displacement. Reasoning: Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as displacement. See "Ego-Defense Mechanisms."

40. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include all of the following except: ​ a. Rejecting others' love. b. Fear of intimate relationships. c. Mistrust of others. d. High self-esteem.

d. High self-esteem. Reference: Page 63

19. From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may display all of the following characteristics except a. Discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values. b. Be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach. c. Underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world. d. Include ambiguity in most psychoanalytic approaches.

d. Include ambiguity in most psychoanalytic approaches. Reasoning: From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values, be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach, and underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world. See "Psychoanalytic Therapy From a Multicultural Perspective."

44. Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of: ​ a. Trust versus mistrust. b. Intimacy versus isolation. c. Initiative versus guilt. d. Industry versus inferiority.

d. Industry versus inferiority. Reference: page 65

16. A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________ during the_________ stage. a. Intimacy; young adulthood b. Identity; adolescent c. Integrity; later life d. Industry; school age

d. Industry; school age Reasoning: A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of industry during the school age stage. See "Erikson's Psychosocial Perspective."

9. The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as a. Transference. b. Rationalization. c. Countertransference. d. Interpretation.

d. Interpretation. Reasoning: The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as interpretation. See "Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures."

43. A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development. ​ a. Identity; adolescence b. Trust; infancy c. Generativity; middle age d. Intimacy; young adulthood

d. Intimacy; young adulthood Reference: Page 65

29. The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of: ​ a. Displacement. b. Reaction formation. c. Sublimation. d. Introjection.

d. Introjection. Reference: Page 63

10. The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except a. Everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material. b. That which needs to be analyzed and interpreted. c. An inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy. d. Invaluable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.

d. Invaluable from a theoretical and clinical perspective. Reasoning: The concept of resistance can best be described as everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material, that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted, and an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy. See "Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures."

45. Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation? ​ a. Perls b. Satir c. Rogers d. Mahler

d. Mahler Reference: Page 81

5. The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to a. Treat specific learning disorders. b. Change overt behavior. c. Correct irrational thinking. d. Make the unconscious motives conscious.

d. Make the unconscious motives conscious. Reasoning: The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to make the unconscious motives conscious. See "Structure of Personality."

33. The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to: ​ a. Treat specific learning disorders. b. Change overt behavior. c. Correct irrational thinking. d. Make the unconscious motives conscious.

d. Make the unconscious motives conscious. Reference: page 61

1. Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except a. Dreams. b. Post-hypnotic suggestions. c. Free-association. d. Material derived from introspective techniques.

d. Material derived from introspective techniques. Reasoning: Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes dreams, posthypnotic suggestions, and material derived from free-association techniques. See "Structure of Personality."

32. The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development? ​ a. Anal stage b. Genital stage c. Oral stage d. Phallic stage

d. Phallic stage Reference: Page 65

31. The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as: ​ a. Displacement. b. Denial. c. Compensation. d. Sublimation.

d. Sublimation. Reference: page 63

51. In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon: ​ a. The child's search for approval from the father. b. One's birth order. c. One's striving to overcome felt inferiority. d. The child's search for a reconnection with the mother.

d. The child's search for a reconnection with the mother. Reference: Page 81

17. Self psychology and object-relations theory do not emphasize which of the following? a. The influence of critical factors in early development on later development b. The origins, transformations, and organizational functions of the self c. The differentiation between self and others d. The similar values of different cultures

d. The similar values of different cultures Reasoning: Self psychology and object-relations theory emphasize the influence of critical factors in early development on later development; the origins, transformations, and organizational functions of the self; and the differentiation between self and others. See "Contemporary Trends: Object-Relations Theory, Self Psychology, and Relational Psychoanalysis."

18. Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis? a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model. b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist. c. Countertransference provides rich information about the client's dynamics. d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.

d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship. Reasoning: All of the statements except the last one with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis are true. See "Contemporary Trends: Object-Relations Theory, Self Psychology, and Relational Psychoanalysis."