Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 Practice

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria could be induced hypnosis? a. moral b. demonological c. somatogenic d. psychogenic

d. psychogenic

Who started the mental hygiene movement? a. Dix b. Freud c. Hinckes d. Grey

a. Dix

Which statement is NOT a reason that demonology dominated views of abnormality in Europe in the Middle Ages? a. Overall health during this period was slowly improving. b. The church controlled education. c. The church rejected scientific forms of investigation. d. The power of the clergy increased greatly.

a. Overall health during this period was slowly improving.

_____ rates may be reported in terms of the lifetime risk of contracting a particular disorder. a. Prevalence b. Point prevalence c. Point incidence d. Incidence

a. Prevalence

The thought process that influence behavior and emotion are called: a. cognition b. feelings c. behaviorisms d. insights

a. cognition

The ancient Greeks might find that a flash mob is MOST similar to: a. mass madness b. melancholia c. trephination d. general paresis

a. mass madness

Theorists who argue that behaviors can only be abnormal relative to cultural norms, are proponents of: a. cultural relativism b. cultural universality c. cultural regeneration d. cultural hegemony

a. cultural relativism

Aggressive behavior would NOT be viewed as abnormal behavior in a: a. culture that emphasizes competitiveness b. person who has exhibited this behavior since early childhood c. family that has experienced a traumatic event d. society that values independence

a. culture the emphasizes competitiveness

Commonly accepted features of abnormality include deviance, distress, dysfunction, and: a. danger b. docility c. delusions d. deference

a. danger

Beck's Cognitive Therapy was developed specifically as a treatment for: a. depression b. anxiety c. schizophrenia d. impulsivity

a. depression

How does psychodynamic psychotherapy differ from classical psychoanalysis? a. it focuses more on social and interpersonal issues b. it emphasized the goal of personality reconstruction c. it considers past experiences important d. it requires a long term commitment on the part of the patient

a. it focuses more on social and interpersonal issues

What does it mean when the id operates according to the pleasure principle? a. it is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious b. it thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner c. it utilizes secondary-process thinking d. it adheres to social rules and regulations

a. it is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious

Problems with marital, family, peer work, school, or community relationships would be MOST similar to: a. other problems in living b. the sorts of problems Freud treated c. other problems treated with antipsychotics d. problems treated in specialized treatment centers

a. other problems in living

Which feature is NOT common in managed care programs? a. patient choice in number of therapy sessions b. ongoing reviews and assessments c. limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from d. preapproval for treatment by the insurance company

a. patient choice in number of therapy sessions

According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really: a. problems in living. b. eccentric behaviors with biological causes. c. caused by one's early childhood experiences. d. mental illness.

a. problems in living.

Timmy is in psychoanalysis and states to his therapist that he thinks his wife is going to cheat on him with her co-worker. Later on, Timmy admits that he is tempted to cheat with his own co-worker. When defense mechanism was Timmy displacing when he accused his wife of wanting to cheat? a. projection b. sublimation c. displacement d. denial

a. projection

The ego operates according to the ______ while the id operates according to the . a. reality; pleasure b. pleasure; aggression c. conscious; unconscious d. reality; aggression

a. reality; pleasure

Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as: a. somatogenic b. psychiatric c. supernatural d. psychogenic

a. somatogenic

Which of the following is an example of a healthy defense mechanism? a. sublimation b. projection c. denial d. repression

a. sublimation

In classical psychoanalysis, why is the process whereby the therapist interprets a patient's dreams often difficult? a. the patient may resist uncovering repressed material and deny the interpretation b. patients often forget their dreams c. the patient may relate to the therapist much as they did towards a parent figure d. the therapist may wish not to upset the patient with a negative interpretation

a. the patient may resist uncovering repressed material and deny the interpretation

According to psychoanalytic theory, what process does a person develop early in life to ensure that they can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meeting their basic needs? a. their ego b. their conscience c. their id d. their superego

a. their ego

According to psychoanalytic theory, what is the role of the ego? a. to mediate conflict between the id and the superego b. to increase self-esteem and a strong a strong sense of identity c. to maximize pleasure and reduce tension d. to counteract the aggressive and sexual drives of the id

a. to mediate conflict between the id and the superego

Freud believed that all functioning, normal and abnormal, originates from: a. unconscious psychological processes. b. one's underlying biological makeup. c. the internal battle between good and evil. d. conscious internal drives and moral external forces.

a. unconscious psychological processes.

Which statement about deviant behavior is true? a. what is defined as deviant can change over time. b. what is considered deviant behavior is the same across all cultures. c. deviant behavior is precursor to psychologically abnormal behavior. d. people who in engage in deviant behavior are always unaware that their behavior is deviant.

a. what is defined as deviant can change over time.

A school-age child is disrespectful and rude to her mother at a family outing. The MOST accurate description of this behavior is: a. criminal b. deviant c. dangerous d. psychopathological

b. deviant

Which of these individuals is likely to be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior? a. A person who experiences grief immediately after losing her job and then her house. b. A person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job. c. A person who is nervous about shopping alone for weeks after being attacked by a mugger. d. A person who always washes his hands immediately after returning home from grocery shopping.

b. A person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job.

Behavior that violates legal norms is: a. distressful and criminal b. deviant and criminal c. deviant and psychopathological d. distressful and psychopathological

b. deviant and criminal

Which of the following is a characteristic of how defense mechanisms affect coping styles? a. They are dependent upon the age of a person and how they are used. b. They can either be adaptive or maladaptive. c. They are self-defeating. d. They are adaptive.

b. They can either be adaptive or maladaptive.

A 4 year old sucks her thumb, a teenager binges on food, and an adult women bites her fingernails. According to the Freudian theory of psychosexual development, what do all these share in common? a. repression of aggressive impulses b. a fixation at the oral stage of psychosexual development c. a trauma during the toilet-transition phase d. denial of unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or wishes

b. a fixation at the oral stage of psychosexual development

Jenna is experiencing sadness, low self-worth, and lack of energy. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n): a. antipsychotic drug b. antidepressant drug c. stimulant drug d. antianxiety drug

b. antidepressant drug

What emphasizes the consequence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior? a. cognition b. behaviorism c. mesmerism d. psychoanalysis

b. behaviorism

The Oedipus complex is the psychosexual conflict occurring during the phallic stage of development in boys. How is this complex characterized? a. by a repressed need for oral gratification b. by love for the mother and feelings of anger and envy towards the father c. by love for the father and feelings of repulsion towards the mother d. by a repressed need for genital self-stimulation

b. by love for the mother and feelings of anger and envy towards the father

Systematic desensitization is based on the principles of: a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. imitation learning d. cathartic learning

b. classical conditioning

A person who works in a mental hospital analyzing various treatment protocols to see how multicultural factors impact success rates is MOST likely to be a: a. psychiatric social worker b. clinical researcher c. psychiatrist d. clinical psychologist

b. clinical researcher

In the Middle Ages, the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the: a. psychogenic model b. demonology model c. medical model d. moral model

b. demonology model

An individual has a 9-5 job. However, this person gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: a. dangerous b. dysfunctional c. deviant d. disturbed

b. dysfunctional

It is thought that people in prehistoric societies believed abnormal behavior resulted from: a. a person not having a soul. b. evil spirits that invaded the body. c. a state of being disconnected from the Earth and nature. d. advancing age.

b. evil spirits that invaded the body.

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was: a. statistically deviant b. exhibiting a typical reaction c. suffering from a mental illness d. deviant buy not dangerous

b. exhibiting a typical reaction

Mesmer became famous—or infamous—for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed: a. somatogenic b. hysterical c. bilious d. phlegmatic

b. hysterical

Operant conditioning theory states that learning: a. requires the proper modeling of behavior b. is affected by the consequence of the behavior c. behavior requires two active participants d. is based on a teacher who gives instructions

b. is affected by the consequence of the behavior

Why was electroconvulsive therapy originally used as a therapy for schizophrenia? a. it was observed that it could reduce brain seizures b. it was observed that schizophrenia was rarely found in people with epilepsy c. it was observed to alleviate depression that often accompanies schizophrenia d. it was observed to induce convulsions and stimulated appetite in psychotic patients

b. it was observed that schizophrenia was rarely found in people with epilepsy

Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have causes psychological treatment to become more: a. positive b. multicultural c. dependant on the use of medication d. hospital focused

b. multicultural

Ancient societies commonly treated abnormal behavior by: a. commiting the affected people to asylums. b. performing an exorcism. c. providing moral treatment. d. changing the diet.

b. performing an exorcism.

Statistical data are relevant to researchers. For example, one major study found that 7.8 percent of people in North America have had a mood disorder at some point in their lives, and 3.7 percent have experienced a mood disorder over the past year. What do the 7.8 percent and 3.7 percent statistics refer to? a. proportion; prevalence b. prevalence; incidence c. incidence; recurrence d. incidence; prevalence

b. prevalence; incidence

A focus of many community mental health programs is: a. isolation b. prevention c. experimental treatments d. spiritual guidance

b. prevention

A person who offers psychotherapy is called a: a. clinical psychologist b. psychiatrist c. psychoanalyst d. psychodiagnostics

b. psychiatrist

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. This drug would be classified as: a. somatotropic b. psychotropic c. psychogenic d. somatogenic

b. psychotropic

Carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he has had several arrests for driving while intoxicated, Carl reports that he has no problems with drinking. This is an example of: a. diagnosis b. self-report data c. case studies d. forming hypothesis

b. self-report data

According to object relations theory, what does the concept of "introjection" refer to? a. a strong drive toward self-actualization and self-assessment b. the process of internalizing the images, memories, or values of an important person in one's life c. the ability to adapt successfully to one's environment d. projecting one's own unacceptable feelings onto another individual or object

b. the process of internalizing the images, memories, or values of an important person in one's life

The ancient operation where a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull is called: a. shaman b. trephination c. couvade d. exorcism

b. trephination

Which of the following refers to the extent to which a diagnosis or rating accurately characterizes a person's psychological status? a. reliability b. validity c. precision d. significance

b. validity

One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that the psychiatrists: a. must work in a medical setting b. went to med school c. have more training in mental illness d. are allowed to practice psychotherapy

b. went to med school

What is a major difference between a psychoanalytic approach and a cognitive behavioral approach to therapy? a. Psychoanalytic approaches have been better researched b. Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on direct education of the patient c. Cognitive-Behavior therapy focuses on the change without offering a theory of human personality d. The course of cognitive-behavior therapy depends on theoretical assumptions about the nature of pathology

c. Cognitive-Behavior therapy focuses on the change without offering a theory of human personality

Which statement LEAST supports the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior? a. Alcoholism tends to run in families. b. People with Lyme disease often have psychological symptoms. c. Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking. d. Most people with depression are helped with medication.

c. Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking.

Which patient would MOST likely benefit from psychoanalysis treatment? a. Someone who has difficulty expressing ideas and feelings verbally. b. Someone who is severely disturbed in a mental hospital. c. Someone who is insightful and thinks clearly. d. Someone who needs to make profound behavioral change very quickly.

c. Someone who is insightful and thinks clearly.

A person receiving multicultural therapy could expect all of these effect EXCEPT: a. sensitivity to the traditions of that person's particular culture. b. a focus on the uniqueness of the issues faced. c. a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems. d. greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy.

c. a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems.

Tanner is confused and usually thinks the he is a superhero. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n): a. antidepressant drug b. antianxiety drug c. antipsychotic drug d. stimulant drug

c. antipsychotic drug

A person who is having suicidal thoughts and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality? a. deviance b. distress c. danger d. dysfunction

c. danger

Morgan hears voices that others do not, but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that: a. distress must always be used to determine abnormality. b. behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal. c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal. d. behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal.

c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

Which statement about distress is true? a. distress is always considered abnormal. b. distress is more common in women than men. c. distress is a subjective experience. d. distress is always characterized overt, observable signs.

c. distress is a subjective experience.

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? a. distress b. deviance c. dysfunction d. danger

c. dysfunction

A research finding that does not generalize to circumstance different from those of the experiment is lacking: a. internal validity b. random assignment c. external validity d. statistical significance

c. external validity

The asylums of the 1500s were originally: a. privately owned homes b. prisons and government offices c. hospitals and monasteries d. churches and parishes

c. hospitals and monasteries

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: a. fewer and fewer people were being sent to mental hospitals. b. prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. c. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded. d. all patients needing treatment had to be helped.

c. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was: a. it was shown to be completely ineffective. b. psychogenic drugs replaced it. c. it did not work for everyone. d. too few patients were hospitalized.

c. it did not work for everyone.

Which approach was LEAST likely to be used by an ancient Greek physician to treat someone believed to be suffering from an imbalance of the humors? a. exercise b. bloodletting c. lobotomy d. a change in diet

c. lobotomy

A condition that people in the Middle Ages included in the general term mass madness was: a. epilepsy b. leprosy c. lycanthropy d. melancholia

c. lycanthropy

If a university had a first-year program designed to ease the transition from high school to college and to decrease the dropout rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to: a. outpatient therapy b. positive psychological programs c. mental health prevention programs d. deinstitutionalization programs

c. mental health prevention programs

People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. Their behavior is: a. illegal but not abnormal b. no longer considered abnormal but was considered abnormal in the past. c. nevertheless considered abnormal. d. not abnormal because abnormality requires distress.

c. nevertheless considered abnormal.

Psychoanalysis was developed as a form of: a. somatogenic therapy b. behavioral therapy c. outpatient therapy d. moral therapy

c. outpatient therapy

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: a. moral therapy b. all psychological therapy c. psychoanalysis d. psychogenic therapy

c. psychoanalysis

Which is not a role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology? a. treat b. detect c. research d. assess

c. research

The specialty with the largest number of practitioners is: a. counseling b. psychology c. social work d. psychiatry

c. social work

Eugenics sterilization reflects the ____ perspective on abnormality. a. cultural b. managed care c. somatogenic d. psychoanalytic

c. somatogenic

The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? a. moral b. deterministic c. somatogenic d. psychogenic

c. somatogenic

What is an attribution? a. a defense mechanism b. a personality trait c. the perceived cause of something d. a change that occurs over the course of psychotherapy

c. the perceived cause of something

In Freud's iceberg analogy of the psyche, which two elements can operate within the conscious mind? a. the ego and the id b. the id and the preconscious c. the preconscious and the superego d. the superego and the ego

c. the preconscious and the superego

Deviant behavior is behavior that: a. is illegal b. is dangerous to self or others c. violates the society's norms d. causes dysfunction in the individual's life

c. violates the society's norms

Which pair of words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health? a. people and professional psychology b. perfection and primary psychology c. promotion and public psychology d. prevention and positive psychology

d. prevention and positive psychology

What percent of current psychology graduate students are female? a. 37 % b. 28 % c. 40 % d. 74 %

d. 74 %

Which statement BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization? a. Care is now consistent, and there is not shuttling back and forth through different levels of care. b. Communities have been able to pick up the care of those with severe disturbances and provide effective treatment for most all of them. c. Most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment. d. Many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.

d. Many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.

A theorist who believes that the psychological factors are the primary causes of abnormal functioning adheres to the: a. Demonologic b. Somatogenic c. Hippocratic d. Psychogenic

d. Psychogenic

Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? a. Someone who parties so much that they cannot go to class. b. Someone who is too confused to drive safely. c. Someone who cannot stay alone for even one night. d. Someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social justice.

d. Someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social justice.

Which statement is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health profession? a. Female psychologists earn more than male psychologists. b. Women, as a group, prefer working in a clinical setting. c. There are more female psychiatrists than female counselors. d. The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work.

d. The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work.

The belief that mental illness is actually invalid was advocated by: a. Dick Gregory b. Jerome Franke c. Carl Rogers d. Thomas Szasz

d. Thomas Szasz

The approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called: a. the community mental health approach b. sociological approach c. the medical approach d. private psychotherapy

d. private psychotherapy

The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is: a. a psychologist is a medical doctor, whereas a psychiatrist is a researcher who studies illnesses b. a psychiatrist is usually a psychoanalyst, whereas a psychologist is usually a behaviorist c. a psychiatrist usually works in hospitals, whereas a psychologist works in mental health clinics d. a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy, whereas a psychologist can provide therapy but cannot prescribe medications

d. a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy, whereas a psychologist can provide therapy but cannot prescribe medications

If a person's primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug for that person would be an: a. antipsychotic b. antibiotic c. antidepressant d. antianxiety

d. antianxiety

Hippocrates believed that the treatment for mental disorders should involve: a. releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. b. punishing the body for its sins. c. giving control over to a higher power. d. bringing the four body humors back into balance.

d. bringing the four body humors back into balance.

The Electra complex is the psychosexual conflict occurring during the phallic stage of development in girls. How is this complex characterized? a. by latency lust b. by feelings of anger and envy towards the mother c. a castration anxiety d. by a desire to replace the mother and possess the father

d. by a desire to replace the mother and possess the father

Which of the following is associated with the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers? a. hierarchy of needs b. moral hygiene c. dream analysis d. client-centered therapy

d. client-centered therapy

When behavior prevents a person from participating in ordinary social interactions, that behavior is said to be: a. deviant b. dangerous c. distressing d. dysfunction

d. dysfunction

Someone is worried about the selfish and dangerous drives of the id. Which of the following should you say to someone to address this fear? a. id fantasies never become part of the conscious awareness, so we never act on them b. the selfish drives of the id are transformed to positive emotional expressions c. because id impulses are usually part of the conscious awareness, we can learn to control them d. each of us develops an ego to help us behave more realistically

d. each of us develops an ego to help us behave more realistically

In the early asylums, treatment for mental illness began with the intention to provide: a. harsh treatment b. religious therapies c. psychogenic therapy d. good care

d. good care

Which statement BEST defines treatment? a. it is a process that aids the person in developing functional coping skills. b. it is any process that provides relief to a sufferer. c. it is a procedure that cures an illness. d. it is a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.

d. it is a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.

Why are correlational (observational) research designs often used in abnormal psychology? a. They are the best at determining cause and effect b. They give in-depth descriptions of the disorder being studied c. They are most useful for comparing groups d. it is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal psychology

d. it is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal psychology

According to the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder, impairment in one or more areas of functioning: a. must be present in order to make a diagnosis b. is one of the less important features of a mental disorder c. must be present for at least six months to be considered a true disability d. may be present but is not necessary condition for making a diagnosis

d. may be present but is not necessary condition for making a diagnosis

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: a. demonology was a cause of mental illness b. mental problems had a biological basis c. the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior d. mental illness should be treated humanely and with respect.

d. mental illness should be treated humanely and with respect.

All of the following are one of the 3 key elements of systematic desensitization EXCEPT: a. progressive muscle relaxation b. learning to relax while confronting the feared stimulus c. constructing a hierarchy of fears d. operant conditioning in the presence of the object of fear

d. operant conditioning in the presence of the object of fear

What do humanistic therapists regard as the most positive influence in facilitating human growth? a. therapist interpretations of the patient's verbalizations b. self-esteem c. ego development d. relationships

d. relationships

Sandy underwent chemotherapy. She now reports experiencing nausea when she drives by the hospital when she enters the hospital where her chemotherapy was given. Which best explains these reactions to stimuli she associates with her chemotherapy? a. reconditioning b. introspection c. operant conditioning d. stimulus generalization

d. stimulus generalization

In classical psychoanalysis, what does the concept of "transference" refer to? a. the process whereby the therapist projects some of their own personal feelings onto the patient b. the process whereby the patient directs potentially maladaptive impulses to socially acceptable behavior c. the process whereby the patient falsely attributes their own unacceptable feelings to the therapist d. the process whereby the patient relates to the therapists as they would towards a parent figure

d. the process whereby the patient relates to the therapists as they would towards a parent figure

A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior is termed: a. psychodiagnosis b. remediation c. assessment d. treatment

d. treatment