Nutrition Chapter 9
According to genomic researchers, a single inherited gene is the probable cause of common obesity
False
Adolescents are likely to grow out of early disordered eating behaviors by young adulthood
False
The BMI standard is an excellent tool for evaluating obesity in athletes and the elderly
False
The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure
False
A diet too low in carbohydrate brings about responses that are similar to fasting
True
In many people, any kind of stress can cause overeating and weight gain
True
The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel
True
Today, an estimated 68 percent of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese
True
Brown Adipose Tissue
a heat generating tissue of animals and human infants
Ghrelin
a hormone secreted by the stomach that signals the brain's hypothalamus and other regions to stimulate eating
Waist circumference
a measurement of abdominal girth that indicates visceral fatness
Dopamine
a neurotransmitter associated with cognition, pleasure, motivation, mood, sleep, and others
Set-point Theory
a theory stating that the body's regulatory controls tend to maintain a particular body weight over time
BMI is of limited value for
all of the above (athletes, pregnant and lactating women, adults older than age 65)
A built environment can support physical activity with
all of the above (safe biking and walking lanes, public parks, free exercise facilities)
Overweight
body weight above a healthy weight; BMI 25-29.9
Underweight
body weight below a healthy weight; BMI below 18.5
Central obesity
excess fat in the abdomen and around the trunk
Subcutaneous fat
fat stored directly under the skin
Visceral Fat
fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs
Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except
obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books
Wasting
the progressive, relentless loss of the body's tissues that accompanies certain diseases and shortens survival time
Body composition
the proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissue that make up a person's total body weight
Basal Metabolism
the sum total of all the involuntary activities that are necessary to sustain life
The appetite-stimulating hormone gherlin is made by the _____
stomach
Adipose tissue
the body's fat tissue, involved in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone leptin (appetite regulation)
Thermic effect of food
the body's speeded-up metabolism in response to having eaten a meal
Thermogenesis
the generation and release of body heat associated with the breakdown of body fuels
The number of calories to cut from the diet to produce weight loss should be based on
the person's BMI
Metabolic syndrome
A combination of central obesity, high blood glucose, high blood pressure, and altered blood lipids that greatly increase the risk of heart disease
The body fat can be assessed by which of the following techniques
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Efforts in all of the following realms are necessary for weight change
Eating patterns, physical activity, and behavior modification
Which of the following is a physical consequence of fasting?
Loss of lean body tissue
When the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called
Satiation
Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate is correct?
The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR
Brown adipose tissue...
is a well-known heat-generating tissue
All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except _____
low blood lipids
Obesity
over-fatness with adverse health effects; BMI of 30 or greater
Adipokines
protein hormones made and released by adipose tissue
Screen time
sedentary time spent using an electronic device