Erik Erikson's stages of development

The nurse educator is orienting a new nurse to the pediatric unit and is including tips for medication administration. Which statement by the new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective?

"It helps to use magical thinking with the preschool age group."

Early Childhood 1.5-3 years old Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

-Allow self-feeding -Encourage to remove and put on own clothes -Allow for choices

Toys for Adolescence

A radio or a sports video

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old girl who is hospitalized and has been placed in traction using Crutchfield tongs. The child is having difficulty adjusting to the prolonged hospital confinement. Which nursing action would be appropriate to meet the child's needs?

Let the child wear her own clothing when friends visit.

Toddler

Completing a large puzzle

A 4-year-old child diagnosed with leukemia is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention should be implemented to alleviate the child's fears?

Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child.

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse should expect which statement that is aligned with the psychosocial expectations of this age?

"I know it hurts to die." A preschool-age child begins to conceptualize the death process as involving physical harm.

2 to 7 years when experiencing pain

-Views pain as a punishment -Blames someone else for the pain -Believes pain will disappear magically

Toys for infant.

Large picture books. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs. Playing peek-a-boo.

A 1-year-old child with hypospadias is scheduled for surgery to correct this condition. While preparing the nursing care plan for this child, which factor should the nurse take into consideration?

This surgery is taking place at a time when fears of separation are great.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a renal biopsy. What developmental characteristic of this child should the nurse consider?

Fears of mutilation may be present in the child. During the preschool years, a child's fears of separation and mutilation are great because the child is facing the developmental task of trusting others.

A mother arrives at a clinic with her toddler and tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. What measure is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the mother?

Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed.

The nurse is admitting a 10-month-old infant who is being hospitalized for a respiratory infection. The nurse develops a plan of care for the infant and includes which most appropriate intervention?

Providing a consistent routine with touching, rocking, and cuddling throughout hospitalization

The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should make which response?

At this age, the child is developing his own personality.

The nurse at a well-baby clinic is assessing the language and communication developmental milestones of a 4-month-old infant. On the basis of the age of the infant, what should the nurse expect to note as the highest-level developmental milestone?

Babbling sounds. Babbling sounds are common between the ages of 3 and 4 months

30 months

snaps large snaps. put on simple clothes independently.

Later Adulthood 65 years to death Intergrity vs Despair

-Listen to their reminiscent stories -Assist with making changes to living arrangements

Late Childhood 3-6 years old Initiative vs Guilt

-Offer medical equipment for play -Accept the child's choices and expression of feelings.

A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instructions should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply.

-Set limits on the child's behavior. -Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable.

Adolescence 12-20 years old Identity vs Role confusion

-Take health history & examination WITHOUT parents present -Introduce the adolescent to other teens with the same health condition

Preschooler

Finger-painting and coloring Play is simple and imaginative, and includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh.

Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 years old and 4 feet tall?

Booster seat

When to use the vehicle seat belt?

when child has reached 4 feet, 9 inches in height (145 cm) and are between 8 and 12 years of age.

A mother of a 4-year-old expresses concern because her hospitalized child has begun thumb sucking. The mother states that this behavior began 2 days after hospital admission. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"It is best to ignore the behavior."

A 2-year-old child has been admitted to the hospital for management of pneumonia. The child is placed in an oxygen tent. Taking into consideration the child's age and developmental level and the treatment being administered, which statement is appropriate for the nurse to make to the parents?

"You can sit next to him and hold his hand through the tent, but he needs to remain inside of it."

Middle Adulthood 35-65 years old Generativity vs Stagnation

-Assist in choosing creative ways to foster social development -Encourage volunteer activities

School Age 6-12 years old Industry vs Inferiority

-Continue schoolwork while hospitalized -Bring favorite pastimes to the hospital

Infant birth to 1.5 years old Trust vs Mistrust

-Hold infant often -Offer comfort after painful procedures -Meet infant's needs for food and hygiene -Encourage parents to room in while hospitalized

Early Adulthood 20-35 years old Intimacy vs Isolation

-Include support from patient's partner or significant other -Assist with rehabilitation and contacting support services as needed before returning to work

Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant?

-Provide swaddling. -Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs. -Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes.

A 7-year-old child is hospitalized with a fracture of the femur and is placed in traction. In meeting the psychosocial needs of the child, the nurse most appropriately selects which play activity for the child?

A board game.

The mother of a 3-year-old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse should tell the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3-year-old is which?

A wagon. Rationale: Toys for the toddler must be strong, safe, and too large to swallow or place in the ear or nose. Push-pull toys, large balls, large crayons, large trucks, and dolls are some of the appropriate toys.

The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother?

Allow the bottle if it contains water to prevent the risk of nursing (bottle-mouth) caries.

A 16-year-old client is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis and an appendectomy is performed. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development postoperatively?

Allow the client to interact with others in his or her (adolescent) same age group.

The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure?

Allow the newborn infant to signal a need.

A 15-year-old is injured and sustains a fractured jaw. The fractured jaw has been surgically wired, and the health care provider (HCP) has prescribed a full liquid diet. Which nursing action would best promote compliance and provide an adequate nutrient value with the full liquid diet for this teenager?

Ask the teenager for food preferences and liquefy these foods using a blender.

The pediatric nurse is caring for a hospitalized toddler. What does the nurse determine is the most appropriate play activity for the toddler?

Playing with a push-pull toy

The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at a hospital to visit their child. The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the parents. Which is the correct interpretation of the behavior?

The child exhibits detachment.

The nurse at a well-baby clinic is assessing the motor development of a 24-month-old child. On the basis of the age of the child, the nurse expects to note what as the highest-level developmental milestone?

The child opens a door by turning the doorknob.

The clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. Which assessment finding should lead the nurse to determine that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected?

Uses monosyllabic babbling

Which would be the highest expected growth and development occurrence at 12 months of age for an infant who has had appropriate growth assessed at each well-child visit?

Walks holding on to someone's hand

6 months

Smiling, imitating sounds, and sitting steadily unsupported

15 months

builds a tower of 2 blocks

The mother of a 16-year-old tells the nurse that she is concerned because her child sleeps about 8 hours every night and until noon every weekend. Which nursing response is most appropriate?

"Adolescents need that amount of sleep every night."

The clinic nurse provides information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet training. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further information regarding toilet training?

"Bladder control usually is achieved before bowel control."

Toys for school-age

Collections, drawing, construction, dolls, pets, guessing games, board and computer games, riddles, hobbies, competitive games. Hand sewing a picture. Needlework. Playing musical instrument. Jumping, biking, swimming.

The nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child?

Crayons and a coloring book

The nurse prepares to take the blood pressure of a school-age child. To obtain an accurate measurement, how should the nurse position the blood pressure cuff?

Two thirds of the distance between the antecubital fossa and the shoulder

The nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which does the nurse expect to observe in this child?

Uses a cup to drink

Which would be the highest expected growth and development occurrences at 9 months of age for an infant who has had appropriate growth assessed at each well-child visit? Select all that apply.

say "mama" and "dada" pull up and stand for several seconds holding on to furniture pick up small pieces of food when placed in a high chair