ERM 302- FINAL EXAM
What are the 4 main categories of workplace violence?
Physical Assault, Threatening Behavior, Verbal Abuse, and Harassment
Name three general categories of demands placed on the worker, and give examples of each.
Physical demands—lifting, pushing pulling, reaching, exerting force to perform a task, the effort required to do the job, repetitive tasks; walking, standing, or sitting all day. Environmental demands—vibration, temperature, humidity, noise, lighting levels, work organization, pace, shift schedule, need for overtime. Mental demands—information needed to perform a particular task, mental calculations or computations, short-term memory demands, information processing, decision making
What is the term used to describe water that is safe for human consumption?
Potable
What should a first aid program include?
Properly trained and designated first-aid personnel on every shift. Instructions for calling and ambulance or rescue squad. Rules on transporting ill or injured employees. How to call your company's designated physician (if applicable) or the ER/Urgent Care they will be transported to. First-aid supplies approved by a health care professional. First-aid instructions. If have chemicals on site - MSDS location. If employee has chemical injury and is transported - send copy of MSDS with them if possible. A record system for tracking first-aid injuries. Central location or locate kits throughout facility. Need stretchers if travel to injured employee is far from emergency medical services entrances, etc.
What is the main focus of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)?
Reducing crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving large trucks and buses...etc.
What causes nerve compression or entrapment?
Repeated motions, tight muscles, inflammation of surrounding tissues, and misalignment of the nerve.
List six occupational risk factors.
Repetitive or sustained exertions, Forceful exertions, Awkward postures, Mechanical stress, Vibration, Extreme temperature
What event does the majority of workplace homicides happen during?
Robbery
What are protection steps that an employer can take to protect their workers from heat stress?
Schedule maintenance and repair jobs in hot areas for cooler months. Schedule hot jobs for the cooler part of the day. Acclimatize workers by exposing them for progressively longer periods to hot work environments. Reduce the physical demands of workers. Use relief workers or assign extra workers for physically demanding jobs. Provide cool water or liquids to workers. Avoid drinks with caffeine, alcohol, or large amounts of sugar. Provide rest periods with water breaks. Provide cool areas for use during break periods. Monitor workers who are at risk of heat stress. Provide heat stress training that includes information about: Worker risk, Prevention, Symptoms, The importance of monitoring yourself and coworkers for symptoms, Treatment, and Personal protective equipment
List three controls for reducing awkward posture.
Selecting appropriate tools for the job, moving part of the work closer to the worker, and using mechanical aids to procure parts.
What is heat illness?
Serious medical condition resulting from the body's inability to cope with a particular heat load, and includes heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope and heat stroke
How should an employer implement acclimatization for a new hire?
Supervise them for at least 14 days of work to monitor their adaptation to the heat in the workplace.
What are the 4 main facts that determines recordable incidents?
Sutures, Restrictions to motion, loss of consciousness, and any treatment that has to go beyond first aid.
What is acclimatization?
Temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that occurs gradually when a person is exposed to it.
What are the 7 steps to proper lifting techniques?
Test the load to get an indication as to how heavy the object is, Stand close to the load with your feet spread apart about shoulder width, with one foot slightly in front of the other for balance, Squat down bending at the knees while keeping your back straight, Get a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift, Begin slowly lifting with your legs by straightening them (Never twist your body during this step), Once the lift is complete keep the load close to your body to prevent straining the lower back and Then place the object below the level of your waist and make sure you follow the same procedures in reverse order.
Who were the guidelines and an equation for analyzing tasks to minimize back injuries were revised by in 1991?
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
What is a "neutral posture."?
The back is naturally curved, the head is held erect, the shoulders are relaxed, the upper arms are close to the sides of the body, the wrists are straight, the elbows are bent at about 90 degrees, and the feet are well supported.
What is heat exhaustion?
The body's response to an excessive loss of the water and salt, usually through excessive sweating.
What is the definition of toxicity?
The capacity of a chemical to harm or injure a living organism by other than mechanical means.
What should the employee training for chemical hazards cover?
The contents of the standard and appendices. The location, availability, and details of the employer's chemical hygiene plan. OSHA's permissible exposure limits (PELs) where appropriate. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory. The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory, including, but not limited to, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) received from chemical suppliers. Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area. The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards (appropriate work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment)
What is covered under the vehicle factor for a DOT audit?
The inspection and maintenance issues are reviewed. The DOT expects the carrier to demonstrate any commercial motor vehicle that is under control for 30 consecutive days or more is enrolled in a program of systematic inspection, repair, and maintenance. Each vehicle is required to have a vehicle maintenance file. Containing records of all repairs, inspections, or maintenance performed on that vehicle, the file should clearly detail the following: company name or license plate number, model and year, vehicle identification number or serial number, tire size, and owner (if not the carrier). An issue of note is the requirement a carrier maintain for 90 days the post-trip inspection reports completed by drivers at the end of each workday. This report must be in writing and completed by the driver and consist of: what vehicle was inspected, date of inspection, what was inspected, any deficiencies present on the vehicle, and signature of inspecting driver.
What are musculoskeletal disorders caused by?
The overuse or repetition of muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, spinal disks, and cartilage
What are the warning signs of frustration?
The person is impatient and reactive. The person resists information you are giving them. The person may try to bait you.
What is ergonomics?
The realization and application of user needs, abilities, limitations, and characteristics to design proper machines, tools, jobs, and workplaces that can result in productive, safe, comfortable, and efficient use. A shorter definition is that it focuses on ways to fit the work to the worker. Fitting the person to the work.
What are environmental risk factors for heat illness?
They are working conditions that create the possibility that heat illness could occur, including air temperature, relative humidity, radiant heat from the sun and other sources, conductive heat sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity and duration, protective clothing and personal protective equipment worn by employees.
What must every powered industrial trucks have?
They must have a nameplate that provides the weight of the truck and it's rated capacity. Needs a fire extinguisher if away from indoor extinguishers
What are the loading and unloading procedures for powered industrial trucks?
They need to have their brakes set and their wheels securely blocked while the loading/unloading occurs. When a trailers are parked without tractors, jacks should be placed under the front of the trailer (also can use a trailer restraint system)
What should be included on the log if a recordable occurs with OSHA?
Time and date of accident. Employer's name, address and telephone number. Name and job title, or badge number of person reporting the accident. Address of site of accident or event. Name of person to contact at site of accident.Name and address of injured employee(s). Nature of injury. Location where injured employee(s) was (were) moved to. List and identity of other law enforcement agencies present at the site of accident. Description of accident and whether the accident scene or instrumentality has been altered.
What are the five goals of ergonomics?
To reduce the physical and mental stressors associated with any type of job, to increase the comfort, health, and safety of a work environment, to increase productivity, to reduce human errors associated with a task, to improve the quality of work life as well as reduce the costs of doing business
What is a load capacity on a powered industrial truck?
Trucks are rated by capacity in pounds and load center in inches. Exceeding the rated capacity and is considered an overload
True or False: An occupational illness, as opposed to an injury, is classified as an abnormal condition or disorder that results from a work-related exposure to a biological, chemical or physical agent.
True
List controls for reducing repetitiveness in job activities.
Use automation, Use power tools, Provide short breaks, Design for self-pacing, Job enlargement; more variety of tasks, Job rotation
What does a satisfactory workstation design consist of?
Use head sets for frequent phone use, computer monitor at eye level, keep wrists straight, arms close to the body, and at a right angle. Mouse next to the computer, document holder, foot rests if feet don't touch the floor, and a fully adjustable chair.
What is the proper care of powered industrial trucks?
Use only for the intended purpose. When an operator exits a truck and leaves it unattended, they should put the controls in neutral, the power to shut-off, set the brakes, lower the forks, and remove the key ( OSHA defines "unattended truck" as one where the operator is more than 25 ft. from it or cannot see it). Do not allow gasoline or propane trucks to idle inside of buildings. Use of gas trucks inside of buildings may require CO monitoring.
What do operators need to have in order to operate a powered industrial truck?
Valid driver's license, good driving records and no (or few) traffic violations - re-check at certification time. Over the age of 18. Physical exam - correctable vision of 20/40, depth perception of no less than 90% of normal, good hearing - repeat exam every 3 years. Certification required every 3 years in CA
What are forklift hazards?
Vehicle & load instability. Weight of the PIT & load. Maintenance & refueling hazards. Rollover and loss of load are key concerns.
What are the driving forces for indoor air quality?
Ventilation system and sub-systems (even portable fans). Employees themselves - person-to-person contact. Positive Pressure - more air is supplied to a space than is exhausted can also cause air to move from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure - for this reason buildings are usually designed to be positively pressured to keep outside pollutants from entering (negative pressure) HVAC system fan components are driving forces. Natural forces mentioned previously - infiltration and natural ventilation
What are the maneuvering safety procedures?
Watch for the swing of the rear of the truck. Do not turn too sharply. Need to judge aisle width before moving through with load. Start and stop the truck gradually to prevent load from shifting. Watch out for overhead structures. Only raise or lower forks when stopped. Travel with loads in the lowest possible position
What are the safety requirements for powered industrial trucks?
When overhead hazards exist, the truck must be equipped with an overhead guard. A load backrest should be used if hazard to operator exists - load should not exceed the height of the backrest. Guards should be in place. Horns and back-up alarms are required. Flashing lights are good to have in high noise areas
What is considered sufficient access to shade?
When the actual presence of shade is required. The heat illness prevention standard requires that employers have and maintain one or more areas with shade at all times while employees are present, when the outdoor temperature exceeds 85 degrees F. The shaded areas must be either open to the air or provided with ventilation or cooling. the amount of shade present shall be at least enough to accommodate 25% of the employees on the shift at any time, so that they can sit in a normal posture fully in the shade without having to be in physical contact with each other.
What is heat stroke?
When the body becomes unable to control its temperature: the body's temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down.
What are the 3 main ergonomic principles?
Work activities should permit should permit worker to adopt several different healthy and safe postures. Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups available. Work activities should be performed with joints at about mid-point of their range of motion.
Why can a situation in which the job demands are below a worker's capabilities be just as harmful as one in which the demands are too high?
Workers become bored when performing below their abilities. Boredom can lead to lapses in concentration and attention, resulting in product defects, quality problems, and accidents.
What is recommended for workers to do if they feel heat illness coming on?
Workers should avoid exposure to extreme heat, sun exposure, and high humidity when possible. When these exposures cannot be avoided, workers should take the following steps to prevent heat stress: Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, breathable clothing such as cotton. Avoid non-breathing synthetic clothing. Gradually build up to heavy work. Schedule heavy work during the coolest parts of day. Take more breaks in extreme heat and humidity. Take breaks in the shade or a cool area when possible. Drink water frequently. Drink enough water that you never become thirsty. Avoid drinks with caffeine, alcohol, and large amounts of sugar. Be aware that protective clothing or personal protective equipment may increase the risk of heat stress. Monitor your physical condition and that of your coworkers
What are the primary factors that are assessed during ergonomics evaluations?
Workplace characteristics and accessories, Physiological demands, Physical demands, Environmental demands, Design of displays, control, and dials
What are the general safety guides for use of radiation equipment?
X-ray equipment should not be left unattended while in operating mode. When in fixed radiographic rooms, operators shall remain behind the protective barrier. If required to be in a room during a diagnostic x-ray exposure (e.g. fluoroscopy), wear a lead apron or stand behind a protective barrier. Where your dosimetry, if applicable. Follow established procedures; when unsure, stop and notify your supervisor or the RSO. Keys MUST not be left in portable x-ray equipment.
Are there other regulations that apply to the risk of heat illness?
Yes. They include requirements for employers to have an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program and to provide for drinking water, first aid, and emergency response.
What are the factors that contribute to indoor air quality?
sources of pollutants or odors; design, maintenance and operation of building ventilation systems; moisture and humidity; and occupant perceptions and susceptibilities.
What temperature does the access to shade provision of the heat illness standard become applicable?
85 degrees
What is covered under the general factor for a DOT audit?
A carrier should be prepared to show documentation demonstrating it has proper liability coverage in place of the type of carrier and cargo. Carriers should be ready for examination and prepared to show the companies accident register. Accident register should consist of: accident date, location, driver's name, number of injuries, number of fatalities, and the presence of hazardous materials other than fuel spilled by any vehicle. Vehicle markings are subjected to review, commercial motor vehicle must be marked on two sides with the carrier's legal or single-trade name and the DOT assigned number proceeded by the letter "USDOT". Training records, any employee who may be involved in regulatory compliance and on applicable regulations, it is suggested that carriers keep detailed records of any transportation safety-related training being provided to employees.
What is building-related illness?
A diagnosable illness is identified AND can be directly attributed to contaminants found in the building. Coughing, chest tightness, fever, chills, and muscle aches can be determined clinically and are the result of clearly identifiable causes. A diagnosis results in a clinically defined illness of known etiology (origin) some types are allergic reactions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and humidifier fever. Affected employees may require prolonged recovery time even when no longer in the affected building
What is heat syncope?
A fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually occurs with prolonged standing or sudden rising from a sitting or lying position.
What do most indoor air quality scenarios include?
A pollutant source(s). A driving force to move the pollutant. A pathway for the pollutant(s) to travel. A susceptible population
What is ionizing radiation?
A radiation that has sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules as it passes through matter
What is non-ionizing radiation?
A radiation that is not as energetic and cannot remove electrons from atoms or molecules.
What is heat rash?
A skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather.
What is considered sufficient access to drinking water?
Adequate water is required at all times regardless of the outdoor temperature and must be made available at no cost to the employee. Potable water must always be placed in locations readily accessible to all employees.
What is heat cramps?
Affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body's salt and moisture levels. Low salt levels in muscles causes painful cramps.
Which industries does the high heat procedures in the Heat Illness Prevention standard cover?
Agriculture, Landscaping, Construction, Oil and Gas extraction, and Transportation
What is force?
Amount of tension our muscles generate.
Ergonomists have received training in which fields of study that have contributed to the industry's understanding of ergonomics problems and solutions?
Anatomy and physiology of the human body, anthropometrics, biomechanics, psychology, and industrial design and engineering
What is covered under the operational factor for a DOT audit?
Any business operating a commercial motor vehicle is subject to driving limitations and hours of service record keeping. Unless the carrier is using an exception, the DOT expects six months of driver logs and supporting documents be made available during the review. A carrier is expected to maintain a file for each regulated driver. When drivers are required to complete the standard graph log, the DOT examines these logs for violations of: form & manner, hours of service, and falsification of logs.
What are the safety procedures for driving on grades with a powered industrial truck?
Ascend or descend grades slowly. Over 10% grade - drive with load toward the upgrade. On all grades, the load-engaging mechanism should be tilted back, and raised only as necessary to clear the road's surface. When descending a grade - use lowest gear possible. Stay clear of the edge of loading docks and ramps and never make a sharp turn on a ramp. Before driving over bridge plates, make sure they are properly secured
What is covered under the driver factor for a DOT audit?
Commercial driver's licenses, driver qualification, and drug and alcohol testing. Employees that are commercial drivers need to have a valid drivers license with the proper endorsements to drive as a commercial driver. The carrier must be able to track the expiration dates of the license and is subject to drug and alcohol testing.
What are the components to an occupational health program?
Comprehensive Health and Safety Program. Baseline Health Exam and Periodic Surveillance of Employees. Diagnosis and Treatment Services for Injuries & Illnesses. Case Management Services. Immunization Programs. Health Records/Personnel Records Kept Separate. Health Promotion, Education, and Counseling. Open Communication Between Occupational Health Personnel and an Employee's Own Physician
What does the powered industrial trucks standard NOT apply too?
Compressed air or nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial trucks. Farm vehicles. Vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-the-road hauling
What are signs of muscloskeletal disorder?
Decreased range of motion, decreased grip strength, loss of function, loss of balance, deformity, swelling, cramping, redness, and color loss
What can be done to optimize indoor air quality?
Do not block air vents or grilles, comply wight he office and building smoking policy, water and maintain office plants properly, dispose of garbage promptly and properly, store food properly, avoid bringing products into the building that could release harmful or bothersome odors or contaminants, notify your building or facility manager immediately if you suspect an indoor air quality problem.
What should be in a driver's file for the driver category for a DOT audit?
Driver application, previous 3 years of employment verification and if applicable, a safety performance history with drug/alcohol test results, motor vehicle record check for previous 3 years, road test and certification, three years of DOT physical certifications, entry-level driver training, if required... 3 years of annual motor vehicles record from state(s), annual written statement of violations: which the driver is licensed, 3 years of signed annual review form the motor carrier, AND any waivers granted. A drivers file should be complete, current, and correct and contain the same information in the same order.
How do you reduce repetition within a job to prevent muscloskeletal disorders?
Eliminate unnecessary tasks/movements by redesigning procedures and workstations, take short/ frequent breaks, and alternate tasks and processes to use different muscle groups.
What are the two types of first-aid treatments?
Emergency Treatment: given for immediate, life-threatening conditions while waiting for further medical care with qualified professionals (Ambulance, ER, Urgent Care Clinic, Doctors' Office, Company Nurse/Doctor/EMT/Paramedic). Prompt Attention: Minor injuries such as cuts, scratches, bruises, and burns - injuries that if happened at home, you would not normally seek medical attention for but treat yourself. Remember all injuries should be reported - even if employee does not want medical care.
List two ways to prevent/control work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Engineering controls and administrative controls.
What are high heat preventive measures?
Ensure effective communication, new hire training, observation for signs/symptoms of heat illness and frequent reminders to drink water.
What disorder is known as "tennis elbow"?
Epicondylitis
What are personal risk factors for heat illness?
Factors such as an individual's age, degree of acclimatization, health, water consumption, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and use of prescription medications that affect the body's water retention or other physiological responses to heat.
True or False: First Aid for a worker who is experiencing heat exhaustion, must include contacting 911.
False
Every establishment that is subject to the OSHAct is obliged to post its annual summary by what date?
February 1st
What are the general operating principles of powered industrial trucks?
Follow rules for speed, maneuvering, and loading/unloading. Remember - forklifts are not like driving a regular vehicle!: Generally they are steered by the rear wheels, They steer more easily loaded than empty, They are driven in the reverse direction as often as in the forward, and Are often steered with one hand - with the other hand being used to operate the controls. Backing up is most dangerous: Always look in the direction of travel, and Sound horn at blind corners and before they pass through doorways
What does the powered industrial trucks standard apply too?
Fork trucks, tractors, platform trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines.
When attempting to get a company ISO 14001 certified, conformance to the standard determination starts with a/an ____(blank)____ analysis.
Gap
What is sick building syndrome?
General complaints of discomfort including headache, nausea, dizziness, dry or itchy skin, eye, nose, throat, and respiratory irritation, dry coughing, difficulty concentrating, muscle pain, sensitivity to odors, and fatigue. The cause is unknown. May be widespread throughout work area or confined to one room/area. Affected employees will express that their symptoms disappear or significantly gets better when leave work, over weekend, or on vacations, etc. Only send employees to qualified doctor to treat this type of illness or at the least an occupational health physician - your insurance carrier will help with finding an appropriate doctor.
What are the 6 factors in the inspection categories that are done in a DOT review?
General, Drivier, Operational, Vehicle, Hazardous Materials, and Accidents
What is musculoskeletal disorders?
Group of conditions that involve the muscles, tendons, nerves, and supporting structures such as spinal discs. These disorders are caused or aggravated by risk factors at work. Some common disorders are carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, and tension neck syndrome.
List four factors that influence the postures assumed at work
Heights of object handled, Location of work material, Clearance required and accessibility of work, and Design of accessories
What are the primary causes of carpal tunnel disease?
High forces in compression on nerves and tendons and repetition in use within the hands and wrists
What are some programs that can be implemented by a safety person at many companies?
Houchin Blood Donation, Smokey association, and diet programs.
What is OSHA's recordable incident rate equation?
IR = (N X 200,000) / H
Why is indoor air quality important?
Its a major concern to businesses, building managers, tenants, and employees because it can impact the health, comfort, well-being, and productivity of building occupants. Most Americans spend up to 90% of their time indoors and many spend most of their working hours in an office environment. Studies conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and others show that indoor environments sometimes can have levels of pollutants that are actually higher than levels found outside. Pollutants in our indoor environment can increase the risk of illness. Several studies by EPA, states, and independent scientific panels have consistently ranked indoor air pollution as an important environmental health problem. While most buildings do not have severe indoor air quality problems, even well-run buildings can sometimes experience episodes of poor indoor air quality. A 1989 EPA Report to Congress concluded that improved indoor air quality can result in higher productivity and fewer lost work days. EPA estimates that poor indoor air may cost the nation tens of billions of dollars each year in lost productivity and medical care.
What are the operator and pedestrian safety procedures?
Keep arms/legs inside of operating area of truck. Unless there is a designated passenger seat - no one else may ride on the truck with operator. It is the responsibility of the operator to watch out for pedestrians - in warehouses you need to have designated walkways and truck aisles. Use of horn to alert pedestrians is required.
What are common causes of muscloskeletal disorder?
Lifting, Repetitive motion, Contact Stress, Extreme Force, Vibration, and Awkward Postures
What can the office manager/tenant do to improve indoor air quality?
Maintain a good working relationship with building management on indoor environmental issues. Place office furniture, partitions, and equipment with air circulation, temperature control, and pollutant removal functions of the HVAC system in mind. Coordinate with building management in instances when responsibility for design, operation, and maintenance of the HVAC system is shared. Establish an effective smoking policy. Avoid procedures and products that can cause problems. Integrate indoor air quality concerns into your purchasing decisions. Work with the building owner or manager to ensure use of only necessary and appropriate pest control practices, and non-chemical methods where possible. Work with building management and contractors before you conduct remodeling or renovation activities to identify ways of keeping exposure to pollutants to a minimum. Encourage building management to obtain and use the joint EPA/NIOSH guidance document entitled: Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers.
List the four components of an ergonomics program designed to manage cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs).
Management commitment, Case management process, Training and education, Workplace improvement process
What are 3 strategies to improving indoor air quality?
Managing pollutant sources either by removal, isolation, or controlling use. Using ventilation to dilute and remove pollutants from the building. Using filtration to clean the air
What are the responses that can be taken when frustration in the workplace is being presented?
Move the person to a quiet location. Reassure them, talk to them in a calm voice. Attempt to clarify their concerns.
What are symptoms of muscloskeletal disorder?
Muscle fatigue, aching, burning, numbness, stiffness and tingling.
What is static work?
Musculoskeletal effort that is required to hold a certain position, even a comfortable one
What should training consist of, for powered industrial trucks?
Must cover type of truck employee will use, hazards they will encounter, general safety requirements per Cal/OSHA Title 8. Re-train whenever operator demonstrates a deficiency, new type of truck equipment is added, every 3 years. Program should include: Assignment of responsibility, Qualified instructors and trainees.
What are some federal regulatory groups that regulation radiation?
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) , Department of Transportation (DOT), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and United States Postal Service (USPS)
What are the requirements of the written program for PIT's?
OSHA standards require employers to develop and implement a training program based on the general principles of safe truck operation, the types of vehicle(s) being used in the workplace, the hazards of the workplace created by the use of the vehicle(s), and the general safety requirements of the OSHA standard. Trained operators must know how to do the job properly and do it safely as demonstrated by workplace evaluation. Formal (lecture, video, etc.) and practical (demonstration and practical exercises) training must be provided. Employers must also certify that each operator has received the training and evaluate each operator at least once every 3 years. Prior to operating the truck in the workplace, the employer must evaluate the operator's performance and determine the operator to be competent to operate a powered industrial truck safely.
All injuries/illness that result in hospitlization for other than ___(Blank)____ must to be reported by phone to the nearest Cal/OSHA District office
Observation
