ESS 303: Quiz 1, 2, 3
At 3s into a run, a football player is traveling at +3 m/s. Four seconds later, the player is traveling at -5 m/s. The change in velocity is equal to
-8 m/s
The horizontal velocity of Serena's tennis serve is measured as 112 mi/h (50 m/s). Horizontally, the ball travels 82 ft (25 m) before reaching Venus. If the ball didn't slow down when it bounced or because of air resistance, how long would it take to reach Venus?
0.50 s
A runner accelerates at 12.4 m/s/s for 0.5 s. If her final velocity is 9.7 m/s, what was her initial velocity?
3.5 m/s
Stance phase is a _____ of total phase of the gait cycle
60%
Stored elastic energy contributes about _____ in additional force production during stretch shortening cycle (plyometric exercise)
80%
A swimmer is traveling with an average velocity of -3.2 m/s. How far does the swimmer travel in 3 s?
9.6 m
The rotation of the upper body around the vertebral column occurs through the vertical (longitudinal or twist) axis of rotation. This axis is an intersection of the ___________ and ___________ planes: A) Sagittal and frontal B) Sagittal and transverse C) Coronal and transverse D) Frontal and transverse
A) Sagittal and frontal
When a muscle is stretched quickly, the resulting stretch reflex causes the
Agonist muscle to contract and its antagonist to relax
What is shoulder action (or motion), anatomical plane, and axis of rotation, respectively, during following motion (from A to B)? Shoulders go from holding bar straight above head to holding bar in front of body. A) Flexion, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis B) Extension, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis C) External rotation, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis D) Extension, frontal plane, sagittal axis
B) Extension, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis
How isokinetic machine measures torque? A) Measures directly based on muscle force B) Isokinetic machine measures applied force on the attached arm times moment arm length which is a distance between force and axis of rotation C) Isokinetic machine measures applied force on the attached arm D) Isokinetic machine measures moment arm length which is a distance between force and axis of rotation
B) Isokinetic machine measures applied force on the attached arm times moment arm length which is a distance between force and axis of rotation
What is Titin? A) Parallel elastic filament, links myosin filament to the Z line B) Series elastic filament, links myosin filament to the Z line C) Series elastic filament, links actin filament to the Z line D)Parallel elastic filament, links actin filament to the Z line
B) Series elastic filament, links myosin filament to the Z line
Which of the following terms is defined as deformation divided by original length? A) Stress B) Strain C) strength D) elastin
B) Strain
Imagine that we collected concentric knee extension torque by isokinetic machine at 60 deg/s, 120 deg/s, and 180deg/s what is your expectation for torque while the velocity is increasing? why? A) Torque is increasing, because the number of attached crossed bridges are higher at higher velocity in concentric muscle contraction. B) Torque is decreasing, because the rate of detachment is higher at higher velocity and then the number of attached crossed bridges are lower at higher velocity in concentric muscle contraction. C) Torque is not affected by velocity during concentric contraction D) Torque is increasing because elastic components kick in and add more force during a faster movement in concentric contraction E) Torque is decreasing because elastic component can not produce force at a fast concentric contraction
B) Torque is decreasing, because the rate of detachment is higher at higher velocity and then the number of attached crossed bridges are lower at higher velocity in concentric muscle contraction.
When a stretched material does not return to its original shape, it is called -------- behavior. A) elastic B) plastic C) Stiff D) Pliant
B) plastic
Which type of muscle contraction produces more force and why? A) Eccentric contraction because myosin and actin are connected longer B) Concentric contraction because the tension is active tension C) Eccentric contraction because there are more number of attached cross bridges and also stored elastic energy in connective tissue is adding more tension D) Concentric contraction because there are more number of attached cross bridges and also stored elastic energy in connective tissue is adding more tension E) Isometric contraction because there are more number of attached cross bridges and also stored elastic energy in connective tissue is adding more tension
C) Eccentric contraction because there are more number of attached cross bridges and also stored elastic energy in connective tissue is adding more tension
Shot put throwing is a ----- A) Linear motion B) Angular motion C) General Motion D) None of the above
C) General Motion
Passive insufficiency is: A) Inability of a two-joint muscle to be stretched sufficiently to allow a complete range of motion at all the joints it crosses because the agonists cannot be further elongated B) Inability of a two-joint muscle to produce force sufficiently to allow a complete range of motion at all the joints it crosses because the muscle is too short to produce more tension C) Inability of a two-joint muscle to be stretched sufficiently to allow a complete range of motion at all the joints it crosses because the antagonists cannot be further elongated D) Inability of a two-joint muscle to be stretched sufficiently to allow a complete range of motion at all the joints it crosses because the muscle is too short to produce more tension
C) Inability of a two-joint muscle to be stretched sufficiently to allow a complete range of motion at all the joints it crosses because the antagonists cannot be further elongated
A ---------- is a muscle that creates a torque to cancel out unwanted action of other muscles. A) Agonist B) Antagonist C) Neutralizer D) Stabilizer
C) Neutralizer
Select the best choice: A) Active insufficiency is inability to produce more force when the muscle is too extended usually in multi joint muscles B) Passive insufficiency is inability to produce more force when the muscle is too short usually in multi joint muscle C) Passive and active insufficiency are located at the both end of physiological range in force length curve of muscle D) Passive insufficiency is necessary for muscles while producing force
C) Passive and active insufficiency are located at the both end of physiological range in force length curve of muscle
Shot put is primarily moving in the _______ plane and in the ______ axis? A) sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis B) Frontal (mediolateral, coronal) plane Sagittal (Antero-posterior, cartweel) C) Transverse (horizontal) plane longitudinal (vertical, twist) axis D) Frontal (mediolateral, coronal) plane Transverse (vertical, twist) axis
C) Transverse (horizontal) plane longitudinal (vertical, twist) axis
The type of muscle contraction which the length of muscle may increase or decrease with a constant velocity A) Isometric B) Isotonic C) Concentric D) Isokinetic E) Eccentric
D) Isokinetic
The study of the time and space characteristics of movement is called A) Kinetics B) Statics C) Dynamics D) Kinematics E) Anthropometrics
D) Kinematics
What is the right ankle action, anatomical plane, and axis of rotation, respectively, during following motion? Leg goes from bent to straight (lunge position) A) Plantar flexion, frontal (coronal or mediolateral) plane, sagittal (anterior-posterior, cartwheel) axis B) Dorsiflexion, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis C) Rotation, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis D) Plantar flexion, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis
D) Plantar flexion, sagittal (anterior-posterior) plane, frontal (mediolateral, transverse, lateral, somersault) axis
Which force exerts a squeezing effect on the body acted upon? A) tensile B) tension C) shear D) compression
D) compression
A new trail leads a hiker down a path which winds 5 km due east, 8 km west, 3 km east. What was the total distance traveled? What was the total displacement?
Distance traveled: 16 km Total displacement: 0 km
Creep is ------ A) The velocity dependent deformation under a constant load B) The time dependant stress reduction under a constant deformation C) The time dependant stress reduction under a constant load D) The time dependant deformation under a constant deformation E) The time dependant behavior of viscoelastic material which is a deformation under a constant load F) The velocity dependant behavior of viscoelastic material which is a deformation under a constant load
E) The time dependant behavior of viscoelastic material which is a deformation under a constant load
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions? A) Frontal (Coronal or mediolateral) B) Distal C) Proximal D) Sagittal (Anterior-Posterior) E) Transverse (Horizontal or axial)
E) Transverse (Horizontal or axial)
Propulsion phase: the period for deceleration, muscles working eccentrically to control the joint motion and gravity, joints are absorbing the vertical landing force
False
T/F: A golf putt is primarily moving in the sagittal plane.
False
T/F: Active insufficiency is inability to produce more force when the muscle is too extended usually in multi joint muscles.
False
T/F: Degree of Freedom (DOF)is is the measurement of (angular) movement around a specific joint or body part (in deg).
False
T/F: During eccentric contraction muscle is lengthening, muscle force is less than the resistance, the limb movement is termed negative because the joint actions are usually against the gravity.
False
T/F: During running your body is primarily moving in the frontal (mediolateral, coronal) plane.
False
Trained muscles required more EMG for a given force output than atrophic or fatigued muscles
False
Cadence is number of stride (or step) per time
True
T/F: A bird's eye view is from the transverse plane.
True
T/F: During pushups, the exercise for elbow extensors, since they have a concentric contraction during this raising phase and eccentric contraction during lowering phase.
True
T/F: Stiffness is slope of the stress-strain graph.
True
T/F: Yield point or elastic limit is the point on the stress-strain curve where further stress cause permanent deformation.
True
Trained muscles need less EMG for a given force output than atrophic and fatigued muscles
True
Walking speed depends on: Running speed depends on:
Walking speed depends on: stride length and cadence Running speed depends on: stride length and cadence but, stride length is more effective factor during the running speed of 2-6 m/s, and cadence is more effective factor during the running speed of 6-8 m/s
Forefoot strike runners land on the ______
forefoot region around 40% of the total food length
During fatigue, the EMG amplitude _____
increases
