Ethics and Cultural Aspects of Nursing - Final

ethics are NOT

law, religion, custom or institutional practices

ethical dilemma

- 2 conflicting courses of action - conflict between competing principles - inter-professional ethics committees

principles of nursing ethics

- Autonomy - Nonmaleficence - Beneficence - Justice - Confidentiality - Fidelity - Veracity - Accountability - Privacy

integrity

- act in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standard of practice - be honest - document accurately - seek to remedy errors - be accountable for own actions

stereotyping

- an oversimplified belief, conception, or opinion about another person based on limited information - the belief that all persons of a certain culture are, or will act the same

altruism

- concern for the welfare and wellbeing of others - cultural sensitivity (humility) - patient advocacy - tank risks on the behalf of patient and colleagues - mentor other professionals

transcultural nursing principles

- cultures have their own culturally defined ways to promote and maintain health, face death, and deal with unfavorable conditions and crises - health care practices in western and non-western cultures have major differences that need to be understood when planning and providing care

hospital ethics committee

- interprofessional - meets with family - seeks to reach a consensus

privacy examples

- pull curtain and close door - knock - identify room boundaries, esp. if sharing a room - be careful of exposing patient - patient feels uncomfortable because of unkempt appearance, so announce visitors

human dignity

- respect for inherent word and uniqueness of individuals and populations - cultural sensitivity (humility) - protect patient privacy and confidentiality - design care sensitive to patient needs

ANA code of ethics

- statements of ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession - the profession's non-negotiable ethical standard - expression of nursing's understanding of its commitment to society

autonomy

- the right to self determination - plan in partnership with patient - honor the right of the patient to make decisions - provide information so patient can make informed decisions

social justice

- uphold moral, legal, and humanistic principles; seek equal treatment under law and equal access to health care for all - support nondiscrimination in delivery of health care - promote universal access to healthcare - encourage legislation and policy consistent with advancement of nursing and healthcare

what are the 5 professional values of nursing?

1. altruism 2. autonomy 3. human dignity 4. integrity 5. social justice

ANA code of ethics 1-5

1. the nurse, in all professionalisms relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of envy individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of heath problems 2. the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family group or community 3. the nurse promotes, advocated for, and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient 4. then use is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse's obligation to provide optimum patient care 5. the nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth

ANA code of ethics 6-9

6. the nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments and conditions of employment conductive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action 7. the nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education administration and knowledge development 8. the nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community national, and international efforts to meet health needs 9. the profession fo nursing as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice and for shaping social policy

ethics pt. 2

a declaration of what is right and wrong and what ought to be

culture

a group's acceptance of set of attitudes, ideologies, values, beliefs, and behaviors

ethical theory

a system of thought that attempts to explain how we ought to live

justice

act fairly

a patient just had minor surgery and is having more pain than expected, so a nurse calls to doctor to ask for increased pain medication for the patient. what is being practiced?

altruism

deontological ethical theory

an action is right or wrong independent of the consequences

prejudice

any unfavorable (or sometimes favorable) feelings formed beforehand without knowledge, thought, or reason

medical power of attorney

assigned person to speak for you if you can no longer make decisions for yourself

stereotyping pt. 2

assuming all members of a culture, subculture, or ethnic group are all alike - oversimplification

a patient has severe diabetes and his right leg no longer has circulation, and even though the doctor says the patient will die if his leg is not amputated, the patient wants to die with all of his pieced. the nurse supports the patient's decision, and is therefore practicing..?

autonomy

cultural humility

cultural competence, sensitivity, humility

diversity

differences between cultures

beneficence

do good, benefit the patient, balance the risk/benefit

nonmaleficence

do no harm

bioethics

encompasses the life sciences - medical and nursing - biological sciences - social sciences - environmental sciences

the first step

explore your own prejudices and biases; "know thyself"

if the nurse closes the door and curtains before changing a patient's sheets and washing him, what value is being practiced?

human dignity

cultural blindness

ignoring differences and proceeding as though they do not exist

a nurse forgot to take a patient's temperature at 4, and instead of leaving it blank or making up a number on the chart, the nurse goes back to the patient to get his temperature. what is being practiced?

integrity

fidelity

keep promises (faithful)

primary characteristics of cultures

nationality, race, gender, age, and religion

accountability

responsibility

nursing ethics

rules, values, and principles that guide nursing decisions & conduct in terms of the rightness or wrongness of a decision or action

autonomy pt. 2

self determination: patients have the right to make their own decisions

if a nurse takes good care of both patients, even if one is homeless and one is a city councilman, the nurse is practicing...?

social justice

secondary characteristics of culture

socio-economic status, education, occupation, length of time from origin, gender issues, residential status, sexual orientation

ethics

systematic inquiry into the principles of right and wrong, vice and virtue, good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing

utilitarian ethical theory

the right or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action

ethnocentrism

thinking that one's beliefs are superior to all others

culture defines what is important, what is true and real in the world for people

true

veracity

truth

living will

what you want done for you if you can no longer make decisions for yourself