Ethics and Cultural Aspects of Nursing - Final
ethics are NOT
law, religion, custom or institutional practices
ethical dilemma
- 2 conflicting courses of action - conflict between competing principles - inter-professional ethics committees
principles of nursing ethics
- Autonomy - Nonmaleficence - Beneficence - Justice - Confidentiality - Fidelity - Veracity - Accountability - Privacy
integrity
- act in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standard of practice - be honest - document accurately - seek to remedy errors - be accountable for own actions
stereotyping
- an oversimplified belief, conception, or opinion about another person based on limited information - the belief that all persons of a certain culture are, or will act the same
altruism
- concern for the welfare and wellbeing of others - cultural sensitivity (humility) - patient advocacy - tank risks on the behalf of patient and colleagues - mentor other professionals
transcultural nursing principles
- cultures have their own culturally defined ways to promote and maintain health, face death, and deal with unfavorable conditions and crises - health care practices in western and non-western cultures have major differences that need to be understood when planning and providing care
hospital ethics committee
- interprofessional - meets with family - seeks to reach a consensus
privacy examples
- pull curtain and close door - knock - identify room boundaries, esp. if sharing a room - be careful of exposing patient - patient feels uncomfortable because of unkempt appearance, so announce visitors
human dignity
- respect for inherent word and uniqueness of individuals and populations - cultural sensitivity (humility) - protect patient privacy and confidentiality - design care sensitive to patient needs
ANA code of ethics
- statements of ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession - the profession's non-negotiable ethical standard - expression of nursing's understanding of its commitment to society
autonomy
- the right to self determination - plan in partnership with patient - honor the right of the patient to make decisions - provide information so patient can make informed decisions
social justice
- uphold moral, legal, and humanistic principles; seek equal treatment under law and equal access to health care for all - support nondiscrimination in delivery of health care - promote universal access to healthcare - encourage legislation and policy consistent with advancement of nursing and healthcare
what are the 5 professional values of nursing?
1. altruism 2. autonomy 3. human dignity 4. integrity 5. social justice
ANA code of ethics 1-5
1. the nurse, in all professionalisms relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of envy individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of heath problems 2. the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family group or community 3. the nurse promotes, advocated for, and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient 4. then use is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse's obligation to provide optimum patient care 5. the nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth
ANA code of ethics 6-9
6. the nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments and conditions of employment conductive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action 7. the nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education administration and knowledge development 8. the nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community national, and international efforts to meet health needs 9. the profession fo nursing as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice and for shaping social policy
ethics pt. 2
a declaration of what is right and wrong and what ought to be
culture
a group's acceptance of set of attitudes, ideologies, values, beliefs, and behaviors
ethical theory
a system of thought that attempts to explain how we ought to live
justice
act fairly
a patient just had minor surgery and is having more pain than expected, so a nurse calls to doctor to ask for increased pain medication for the patient. what is being practiced?
altruism
deontological ethical theory
an action is right or wrong independent of the consequences
prejudice
any unfavorable (or sometimes favorable) feelings formed beforehand without knowledge, thought, or reason
medical power of attorney
assigned person to speak for you if you can no longer make decisions for yourself
stereotyping pt. 2
assuming all members of a culture, subculture, or ethnic group are all alike - oversimplification
a patient has severe diabetes and his right leg no longer has circulation, and even though the doctor says the patient will die if his leg is not amputated, the patient wants to die with all of his pieced. the nurse supports the patient's decision, and is therefore practicing..?
autonomy
cultural humility
cultural competence, sensitivity, humility
diversity
differences between cultures
beneficence
do good, benefit the patient, balance the risk/benefit
nonmaleficence
do no harm
bioethics
encompasses the life sciences - medical and nursing - biological sciences - social sciences - environmental sciences
the first step
explore your own prejudices and biases; "know thyself"
if the nurse closes the door and curtains before changing a patient's sheets and washing him, what value is being practiced?
human dignity
cultural blindness
ignoring differences and proceeding as though they do not exist
a nurse forgot to take a patient's temperature at 4, and instead of leaving it blank or making up a number on the chart, the nurse goes back to the patient to get his temperature. what is being practiced?
integrity
fidelity
keep promises (faithful)
primary characteristics of cultures
nationality, race, gender, age, and religion
accountability
responsibility
nursing ethics
rules, values, and principles that guide nursing decisions & conduct in terms of the rightness or wrongness of a decision or action
autonomy pt. 2
self determination: patients have the right to make their own decisions
if a nurse takes good care of both patients, even if one is homeless and one is a city councilman, the nurse is practicing...?
social justice
secondary characteristics of culture
socio-economic status, education, occupation, length of time from origin, gender issues, residential status, sexual orientation
ethics
systematic inquiry into the principles of right and wrong, vice and virtue, good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing
utilitarian ethical theory
the right or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action
ethnocentrism
thinking that one's beliefs are superior to all others
culture defines what is important, what is true and real in the world for people
true
veracity
truth
living will
what you want done for you if you can no longer make decisions for yourself