BIOL CH 9

Which of the following is true of sea lions?

Adult males are much bigger than females.

Match the types of tetrapods (in the left column) with their respective characteristics

Amphibians: They were the first land tetrapods, and none of them are strictly marine. Reptiles: They evolved from now-extinct amphibians and for a long time were the dominant land vertebrates. Birds and mammals: They both evolved from different groups of now-extinct reptiles.

Which of the following happens during apneustic breathing in marine mammals?

As much as 90% of the oxygen contained in the lungs is exchanged during each breath.

Which of the following happens during bradycardia in marine mammals?

Blood flow to non-essential parts of the body is reduced.

Identify the cetaceans from the following. (Check all that apply.)

Dolphins Whales Porpoises

Match the types of seals (in the left column) with their respective descriptions (in the right column).

Harbor seals: They are common in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Elephant seals: They are the largest pinnipeds. Monk seals: They live in warm regions.

The ______ _______ _______ was established in 1946 in an attempt to regulate whale hunting to stop overfishing.

International whaling commission

Identify the true statements about the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. (Check all that apply.)

It bans the hunting of all marine mammals in the U.S. waters (except in traditional fisheries of Alaskan natives). It bans the importation of marine mammal products into the U.S.

Identify a true statement about the walrus.

It uses its tusks for defense and to hold or anchor to ice.

Identify an adaptation for swimming that is a hallmark of marine mammals.

Streamlining of the body

Identify a true statement about mammals.

The skin of mammals has hair instead of feathers to retain body heat.

Identify the characteristics of green turtles. (Check all that apply.)

Their shells can grow to 40 inches in length. They lack teeth but have strong biting jaws. They feed mostly on seagrasses and seaweeds.

Identify a true statement about baleen whales.

They are among the largest animals that have ever lived on Earth.

Identify a true statement about pinnipeds.

They are predators, feeding mostly on fish and squid.

Identify a characteristic of sirenians.

They are the only strict vegetarians among marine mammals.

Identify a true statement about leatherback turtles.

They can attain a length of nearly 3 m.

Identify a true statement about sea otters.

They differ from other marine mammals in lacking a layer of blubber.

Which of the following are true of seabirds? (Check all that apply.)

They differ widely in their flying skills and feeding habits. They breed in large colonies on land and often build their nests on the ground. They have evolved from several different groups of land birds.

Identify a true statement about echolocation in marine mammals.

They echolocate by emitting sound waves and listening for the echoes reflected back from surrounding objects.

Identify a true statement about polar bears.

They feed primarily on seals.

Identify the features of sea lions. (Check all that apply.)

They lack the underfur of seals. They are agile swimmers, relying mostly on their broad front flippers. They have external ears.

Which of the following is true of mammals?

They rely mostly on past experience to respond to changes in the environment.

Identify a true statement about seabirds.

They spend a significant part of their lives at sea and feed on marine organisms.

To get as much oxygen as possible before dives, most marine mammals and some seabirds take several deep breaths, then rapidly exhale, a behavior known as ______ ________

apneustic breathing

The toothless whales are better known as the

baleen whales

When marine mammals dive, the heart rate slows dramatically, an automatic reflex known as

bradycardia

The largest group of marine mammals is the _____.

cetaceans

True or false: The quotas for the number of whales to be caught each year in 1946, which were set forth by the International Whaling Commission (IWC), were binding and were strictly enforced.

false

The _____ brain has evolved as an association center for complex behavior in which learning, not instinct, dominates.

mammalian

Sirenians and cetaceans swim by _____.

moving their tails and flukes up and down

Which of the following is a member of the order Carnivora?

polar bear

The is the smallest truly marine mammal.

sea otter

The largest group of pinnipeds is the _____.

seals

Manatees and dugong are also known as _____

sirenians

Manatees and dugong are also known as _____.

sirenians

Beaching occurs when cetaceans _____.

strand themselves on shores and refuse to move

Land-dwelling vertebrates are called _____, meaning "four-footed."

tetrapods

Beaching by cetaceans is an indicator of _____.

the strong cohesiveness and herd instinct of a group

True or false: In mammals, the brain is larger in relation to body size and far more complex than that of other vertebrates.

true

True or false: In marine mammals, the sounds used in echolocation consist of short bursts of sharp clicks that are repeated at different frequencies.

true

The _____ is a large pinniped with a pair of distinctive tusks protruding down from the mouth in both sexes.

walrus