Ethics - "Feelings and Reason"
Sympathy
"It sets aside our own personality, and moves us to partake of the pleasure or pain, the happiness or misery, of others."
Feelings vs Emotions
A fundamental difference between feelings and emotions is that feelings are experienced consciously, while emotions manifest either consciously or subconsciously. Some people may spend years, or even a lifetime, not understanding the depths of their emotions.
Inner-directed
A negative emotions like guilt, embarrassment, and shame often motivate people to act ethically.
Outer-directed
A negative emotions, on the other hand, aim to discipline or punish.
Moral judgment
According to Emotivism, are not statements of fact but are mere expressions of the emotions of the speaker especially since they are usually feelings-based.
apatheia or apathes
Apathy means?
Emotions
Can be powerful experiences, but they usually do not last long. They sometimes make us do things we later regret.
1. Emotions are partial. 2. Emotions often arise due to the presence of arbitrary factors. 3. Emotions are possibly experienced.
Disadvantages of over-reliance on feelings:
When emotion overruled reason
Emotion creates a strong opinion that is hard for reason to overcome when emotion takes over it is hard to think of the consequences of one's actions. It can also be constructive when working by itself in the decision-making process.
Pathos
Emotion means?
Moral Emotions
Emotions, that is to say feelings and intuitions, play a major role in most of the ethical decisions people make.
Emotions
Evoked by suffering, such as sympathy and empathy, often lead people to act ethically toward others.
Emotions
Example: We may be angry at something or at someone today we want to end the relationship or cut ties with them. Yet, after sometime we realized that it's not the best course of action.
Feelings
Example: You remember a happy memory by looking at the family picture, you may remember you we're in joy at that moment but at present you may feel sad.
without feeling
From the Greek word "apatheia" or "apathes" which means, what?
1. Don't accept the problem as given. 2. Listen to both your heart and head. 3. Issues of right or wrong matter deeply to us, as they should. 4. reflect on the sources of our feelings 5. Watch your language. 6. Be modest about your virtue. 7. Understand why others transgress 8. Don't give up on yourself ( or on others).
How does feelings can help in making the right decision?
Empathy
Implicated as a moral emotion because it generally causes concern for the welfare of others, particularly in situations where others are suffering.
Feeling
Is the side product of your brain perceiving an emotion and assigning a certain meaning to it.
Reason
It is a form of personal justification which changes from person to person based on their own ethical and moral code, as well as prior experience.
Moral Courage
Morally courageous individuals act upon their ethical values to help others during difficult ethical dilemmas, despite the adversity they may face in doing so.
Emotivism
Refers to a theory about moral judgments, sentences, words, and speech acts; it is sometimes also extended to cover aesthetic and other nonmoral forms of evaluation.
empathy
The central moral emotion that most commonly motivates prosocial activity such as altruism, cooperation, and generosity.
Apathy
The feeling of not having much emotion, interest or concern. The state of being indifferent
1. they are used as means of influencing others behavior and 2. moral sentences are used to express (not report) the speaker's attitude
The purpose of utterances are:
Feelings
These are mental associations and reactions which originate in the neocortical regions of the brain, and are subjective being influenced by personal experience, beliefs and memories.
feelings and reason
They are tightly intertwined, they work when we judge the conduct of others or make choices ourselves.
Positive emotions
This emotion is like gratitude and admiration, which people may feel when they see another acting with compassion or kindness, can prompt people to help others.
Sympathy
This is an experience of feelings, chiefly emotions, similar in kind to those expressed by or known to exist in another person.
When reason overruled feeling
We rely on our reason to guard against feelings that may reflect a bias, or sense of inadequacy, or a desire simply to win an argument, and also to refine and explain a felt conviction that passes the rest of critical reflection and discussion.
anger disgust fear happiness sadness surprise.
What are the six basic emotions?
cold and inhuman
What happen when you put reason above feeling?
Feelings are not limited to good and bad, happy and sad moods. They also influence judgements, and hence decisions, with feelings as mild as contentment, safety, and perceived ease or difficulty of tasks to be faced.
What is feelings role in ethics or moral decision making?
Drug abuse, depression, and several psychiatric and neurological disorders.
What the possible causes of apathy?
Reason
Which is removed from emotions this allows a person to make conscious based on fact, with no references to personal involvement.
Emotivists
Who believe that moral language expresses emotions and tries to influence others; it has no cognitive content?
Paul Ekmon
Who devised the six basic emotions?
Plato
Who saw reason and emotions (feelings) as two horses pulling a chariot, with the charioteer struggling to make them work as a team?
Because it is abstract and not always easily applicable in the context. It tells you what type of actions are good but not the right thing to do in particular situations.
Why is reason not enough in carrying moral decisions?
feelings, emotions
______ are experienced consciously, while _____ manifest either consciously or subconsciously.
Emotion
______ is not the opposite of reason. It is a different form of it and it is always prompting us to serve and advance our needs and interests.
morally courageous
means standing up for what you believe even when it means that you do so alone