Anatomy: Chapter One
Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?
Axial
What is the regional term for the hip region?
Coxal
The hand is ________ to the shoulder.
Distal
We often see anatomical variations that render anatomical positions and directional terms inaccurate.
False
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
Frontal
What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean?
Functions reflects structure and structure determines function.
Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
Nutrients, water, atmosphere pressure, and oxygen
The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities.
Orbital
The term pollex refers to the ________.
Thumb
Lungs carry out an excretory function.
True
Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?
the receptor, the control center, and the effector
The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions?
the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?
thoracic cavity
Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
tissues
Which of the following organs is least likely to be damaged in an automobile accident?
urinary bladder
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.
water
Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
37
Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?
Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.
Which of the following is the simplest level of structural organization in the human body?
Chemical
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity.
Dorsal
Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?
Dorsal
An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________ .
Excretion and responsiveness
Digestion includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substance and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.
False
Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.
False
Embryology is a subdivision of physiology that deals with developmental changes that occur before birth.
False
The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.
False
The knee is proximal to the thigh
False
The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.
False
The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
False
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.
Gross
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
Intestines
What is the function of serous fluid?
It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
It is considered the cause of most diseases.
Which of the following best defines anatomy?
It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?
Left upper quadrant
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.
Lining the thoracic cavity
Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?
MRI
Which life process in the body sustains all others?
Metabolism
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?
Nervous
Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities?
Nervous and endocrine systems
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.
Organ
Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?
Organismal
The posterior knee area is called ________.
Popliteal
Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin relative to the skeletal muscles?
Superficial
________ cavities are spaces within joints.
Synovial
A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?
The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering.
Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?
The body is erect with feet slightly apart, and palms face forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.
Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?
The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The heart is dorsal to the sternum.
Select the most correct statement.
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.
Which specific body cavity houses the heart and lungs?
Thoracic
Pericarditis is a disorder in which pain is experienced in the_________.
Thoracic cavity
What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?
To prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall
A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.
True
A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
True
Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.
True
It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
True
Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.
True
Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.
True
The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.
True
The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.
True
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
True
Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.
True
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart and the parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
Which of the following is NOT an example of maintaining boundaries?
When your hand is exposed to extreme heat, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus.
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?
any sagittal plane except in the midline
The anatomical position is used ________.
as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
brain
Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
cardiovascular physiology
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.
control center
Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
decay
An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.
diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
enhancement of labor contractions
The regional term used to identify the thigh is ________.
femoral
The regulation of body temperature is an example of which type of homeostatic control?
negative feedback
Which of the following can be described as a cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes?
oblique section
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.
palms turned posteriorly
The heart lies in the ________ cavity.
pericardial
In which body cavities are the lungs located?
pleural, ventral, and thoracic
In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?
receptor
Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?
regional, systemic, and surface
Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of anatomy?
renal anatomy
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
sagittal
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
to maintain homeostasis