Anatomy: Chapter One

Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?

Axial

What is the regional term for the hip region?

Coxal

The hand is ________ to the shoulder.

Distal

We often see anatomical variations that render anatomical positions and directional terms inaccurate.

False

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

Frontal

What does the principle of complementarity of structure and function mean?

Functions reflects structure and structure determines function.

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

Nutrients, water, atmosphere pressure, and oxygen

The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities.

Orbital

The term pollex refers to the ________.

Thumb

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

True

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions?

the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

thoracic cavity

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

tissues

Which of the following organs is least likely to be damaged in an automobile accident?

urinary bladder

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.

water

Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.

37

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Which of the following is the simplest level of structural organization in the human body?

Chemical

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity.

Dorsal

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

Dorsal

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________ .

Excretion and responsiveness

Digestion includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substance and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

False

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

False

Embryology is a subdivision of physiology that deals with developmental changes that occur before birth.

False

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

False

The knee is proximal to the thigh

False

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

False

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

False

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

Gross

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

Intestines

What is the function of serous fluid?

It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

Left upper quadrant

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

Lining the thoracic cavity

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

MRI

Which life process in the body sustains all others?

Metabolism

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

Nervous

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulate their activities?

Nervous and endocrine systems

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

Organ

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?

Organismal

The posterior knee area is called ________.

Popliteal

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin relative to the skeletal muscles?

Superficial

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

Synovial

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?

The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering.

Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?

The body is erect with feet slightly apart, and palms face forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?

The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The heart is dorsal to the sternum.

Select the most correct statement.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.

Which specific body cavity houses the heart and lungs?

Thoracic

Pericarditis is a disorder in which pain is experienced in the_________.

Thoracic cavity

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?

To prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

True

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

True

Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

True

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

True

Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.

True

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

True

The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.

True

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

True

The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

True

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart and the parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Which of the following is NOT an example of maintaining boundaries?

When your hand is exposed to extreme heat, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

any sagittal plane except in the midline

The anatomical position is used ________.

as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

brain

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular physiology

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.

control center

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

decay

An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.

diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

enhancement of labor contractions

The regional term used to identify the thigh is ________.

femoral

The regulation of body temperature is an example of which type of homeostatic control?

negative feedback

Which of the following can be described as a cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes?

oblique section

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

palms turned posteriorly

The heart lies in the ________ cavity.

pericardial

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?

receptor

Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?

regional, systemic, and surface

Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of anatomy?

renal anatomy

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

sagittal

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

to maintain homeostasis