RNSG - Pre-Lecture Quizzes (10)

Fasting is required for triglyceride testing. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

If the client is postmenopausal, hormone replacement therapy can raise HDL and lower LDL. TRUE FALSE

TRUE

When should a statin be administered? Before breakfast With morning medications Midafternoon In the evening

In the evening Rationale: Because cholesterol is synthesized at night, it is best to administer a statin in the evening.

A patient who recently started taking a statin reports new muscle cramps and weakness. What is the nurse's priority intervention? Encourage stretching and weight lifting. Assess for rhabdomyolysis. Review previously documented strength assessments. Increase the dose of the statin since it is not working.

Assess for rhabdomyolysis. Rationale: This patient needs to be evaluated for rhabdomyolysis, which can occur due to muscle breakdown. Stretching will not help this situation, trending assessments will not help the immediate problem, and the medication likely needs to be stopped if a diagnosis is confirmed. Additionally, it is not within the nurse's scope of practice to increase a dose of medication.

Which drug when given with atorvastatin can decrease the effect of atorvastatin? Cyclosporine Cholestyramine Amiodarone Erythromycin

Cholestyramine Rationale: Cholestyramine, when given with atorvastatin, can decrease the effect of atorvastatin. Cyclosporine, amiodarone, and erythromycin can increase the effect of atorvastatin.

Which diagnosis is often an indication for a prescription for a statin? Hypertension Coronary artery disease Atrial fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia

Coronary artery disease Rationale: A statin is prescribed for a patient with coronary artery disease to lower cholesterol. They are not necessarily indicated for hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia.

Which drug is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor? Atorvastatin Rosuvastatin Cholestyramine Ezetimibe

Ezetimibe Rationale: Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are statins and decrease the production of cholesterol, and cholestyramine is a bile acid sequestrant that reduces only HDL cholesterol. Statins and bile acid sequestrants do not inhibit cholesterol absorption.

Plasma concentration of lovastatin is increased in clients with severe abnormal kidney function. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

Weight loss can decrease HDL and increase LDL. TRUE FALSE

FALSE

Which drugs are most effective in reducing serum triglycerides? Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Statin Fibrate Bile acid sequestrant

Fibrate Rationale: Fibrate is the most effective drug for reducing serum triglycerides. Statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors can reduce serum triglycerides but not as effectively as a fibrate. Bile acid sequestrants do not reduce serum triglycerides.

Which juice should be avoided when taking a statin? Orange Apple Grapefruit Pineapple

Grapefruit Rationale: Grapefruit juice can alter the chemistry of statins, potentially leading to adverse reactions and should therefore be avoided.

What is the most effective drug for increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol. Niacin Cholestyramine Alirocumab Evolocumab

Niacin Rationale: Niacin is the most effective drug for increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol. Cholestyramine, alirocumab, and evolocumab lower LDL cholesterol but do not increase HDL cholesterol.

Which lab values does not need to be assessed routinely when a patient is on a statin? High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Liver function tests Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) Rationale: PTT tests for coagulation, and is therefore not associated with statins. HDL, LDL, and liver function tests may, however, be indicated.

What group of drugs can increase the risk of a client developing rhabdomyolysis? Bile acid sequestrants and statins Statins and fibrates PCSK9 inhibitors and fibrates Fibrates and bile acid sequestrants

Statins and fibrates Rationale: Myopathies are important adverse effects of statins and fibrates and can range from discreet muscle pain to rhabdomyolysis. Bile acid sequestrants and PCSK9 inhibitors do not cause myopathies such as rhabdomyolysis.

Statins are potentially teratogenic and can cause or increase the risk of congenital anomalies. TRUE FALSE

TRUE