Cog: week 3

The existence of transitional probabilities adds a(n) ________ quality to learning and using language. a. anticipator b. intellectual c. reductive d. cultural

a. Transitional probabilitites: the likelihood that one sound will follow another within a word.

Which of the following is true about perception? a. it occurs separately form action b. it involves rapid processes c. it is mostly automatic d. it is the result of many cognitions such as creating memories, acquiring knowledge, and solving problems.

?

The likelihood principle state that: a.we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. b. it is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations. c.feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object. d.we perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances.

a

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway. a. what, where b.size, distance c. where, what d. distance, size

a.

The theory of unconscious inference includes the; a. likelihood principle b. oblique effect c. principle of speech segmentation d. principle of componential recovery

a.

Which of the following word strings all refer to the same pathway? a. dorsal, where, action b. perception, dorsal, what c. where, ventral, perception d. what, action, dorsal

a. Dorsal pathway: where/action, occipital lobe to parietal. Ventral pathway: what/perception, parietal to temporal lobe

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is NOT one of those skills as noted by the chapter? a. communicating with others b. experiencing neuromodulaiton c. answering questions d. solving problems

b.

Speech segmentation is defined as: a.ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence. b.organizing the sounds of speech into individual words. c.creating a sentence from a series of spoken words. d.recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language.

b.

Percetion is not essential for: a. solving problems b.improving empath c. creating memories d. acquiring knowledge

b.improving empathy

Which of the following is NOT considered a starting point for perception? a. feeling b. seeing c. thinking d. hearing

c

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? a.When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters b.When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence c.When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception d.When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator)

c.

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual a. conjunction b. fusion c. organization d. discrminability

c.

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing? a. Landmark discrimination problem b. greeble recognition task c. object discrimination problem d. dissociation task

c. Object: problem in which the task is to remember an object based on its shape and choose it when presented with another object after a delay. What processing stream

Which term best reflects what we do with an image projected onto our retina? a. interpret it b. confirm it c. reverse it d. infer it

c. x

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing. a. bottom-up b. sequential c. serial d. top-down

d

When Carlos moved to the United States, he did not understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi and I Scream Class Hick" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic." This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ____ in English. a. algorithms b. the likelihood principle c. bottom up processing d. speech segementation

d

When does bottom-up processing start? a.When the brain encodes information received by the receptors b.When an electrical signal is passed to the brain c.When motor neurons at the extremities are activated d.When environmental energy stimulates the receptors

d

Which of the following is a basic principle of Gestalt psychology? a. Truth is relative b. many parts make up a whole c. apparent motion is due to sensation. d. The whole is different from the sum of its parts

d.

Which of the following would have the most semantic regularities: a. skyscraper b. forest c. toll booth d. shopping mall

d. Are the characteristics associated with the function carried out in different types of scenes. Meaning of a scene.

A person with strong ________ would likely have a deeper experience of Bayesian influence. a. principles b. eyesight b. sensation d. beliefs

d. Bayesian influence: our estimate of the probability of an outcom is determined by : the prior probability, prior, which is our initial belief about the probability of an outcome and the extent to which the available evidience is consistent with the outcome, likelihood.

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of a. continuity b. pragnanz c. similarity d. common fate

pragnanz

How does the phenomenon of apparent movement work? a.The retina sends overlapping electrical signals to the brain when motion is perceived. b.The perceptual system detects stationary images more slowly than motion is perceived. c.The perceptual system slows when flashing objects are introduced. d.The perceptual system creates the perception of movement from stationary images. Next

d. Light flashes one point then another, perceive movement.

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing? a.Seeing a flash of lightning in a thunderstorm b.Walking all around a car and always knowing it's a car c.Perceiving all of the birds in a flock as belonging together d. Recognizing a crying friend's sounds as words in a sentence

d. speech segmentation

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the _____. a. radiated wavelength paradox b. inverse projection problem c. serial location task d. fusiform face role

b.

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____ lobe. a. temporal b. parietal c. frontal d. occipital

b. Landmark: problem in which the task is to remember an object's location and to choose that location after a delay. Associated with research on where processing streams.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical regularity in your text? a.Having one object that is partially covered by another "come out the other side" b.Angled orientation c.The light-from-above assumption d.the oblique effect

b. Physical regularity: regularly occuring physical properties of the environment. Oblique effect: people can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations. Light-from-above assumption: assume that light is coming from above, because light in our environment including the sun an dmost artificial light, usually comes from above